The purpose of this rule is to avoid the mutilation, alteration and contamination (MAC) of the physical evidences found at the crime scene.

The literal rule says that the intention of Parliament is best found in the ordinary and natural meaning of the words used. If judges are permitted to give an obvious or non-literal meaning to the words of parliamentary law, then the will of Parliament, and thereby the people, is being contradicted.

Golden rule of interpretation allows judges to depart from a word normal meaning in order to avoid an absurd result. According to Maxwell, “The golden rule is that words of Institute must prima facie be given their ordinary meaning.

SIX CARDINAL POINTS OF INVESTIGATION WHAT specific offense has been committed? Nature of crime WHERE crime was committed? Place or location WHEN it was committed? Time and date WHOM it was committed?

In the performance of his duties, the investigator must seek to establish the six (6) cardinal points of investigation, namely: what specific offense has been committed; how the offense was committed; who committed it; where the offense was committed; when it was committed; and why it was committed.

Criminal Investigation is the collection of facts in order to accomplish the three-fold aims – to identify the guilty party; to locate the guilty party; and to provide evidence of his (suspect) guilt.

Criminal investigators (CIs) play an integral role in law enforcement and criminal justice. These law enforcement professionals collect evidence, interview witnesses, and arrest suspects. CIs work at all levels of law enforcement, finding employment at the local, state, and federal levels.

Five Phase Investigation Process

• Phase I: Preparation and Planning.
• Phase II: Information Gathering and Problem Identification.
• Phase III: Verification and Analysis.
• Phase IV: Disbursement of Disciplinary and Corrective Action.
• Phase V: Prevention and Education.
• Summary.
• Confidentiality.
• Attorney/Client Privilege.

There are four phases of problem investigation that, when combined, will both build your skills and solve problems quickly and effectively.

• Initial investigation using your own skills.
• Search for answers using the Internet or other resource.
• Begin deeper investigation.
• Ask a subject matter expert for help.

Initial investigation factors

• scene management (identify and preserve)
• material (identify other potential evidence sources)
• who is the investigating officer?
• risk management.
• what is the limit of the initial attending officer’s role?
• communication.
• record keeping.
• handover and briefing.

Ideally, yes, you should request permission to audio record a disciplinary – especially if you as the employer would like to record the meeting. However, often employees will secretly record meetings.

Depending on the circumstances, it may be necessary for the employer to hold an investigatory meeting with the employee concerned. Where an investigatory meeting is necessary, the employer should give the employee advance warning and time to prepare for it.