the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain is called. skepticism.

This is important to realise, as for many, it was the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, that caused the Armada to be launched as some form of revenge against England and Elizabeth. Philip II had one simple aim, which as to replace Elizabeth and restore Catholicism back in England under a new Catholic monarch.

Philip was a defender of Catholicism. He believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism against the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire and the Protestants of Europe/ He launched the Spanish armada to punish Protestant Europe (fleet was defeated) and he also took up arms against the Ottoman Empire.

Philip was the self-proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church. He sought to limit the spread of Protestantism, and he ultimately completed the work of unification begun by Ferdinand and Isabella (the “Catholic Monarchs”) in the Iberian Peninsula.

What complaints did protestants have about the Catholic church? They complained about how they abused power and were too wealthy.

In the early 19th century, the Spanish American wars of independence resulted in the secession and subsequent division of most Spanish territories in the Americas, except for Cuba and Puerto Rico, which were lost to the United States in 1898, following the Spanish–American War.

Almost overnight, Spain became very rich taking home unprecedented quantities of gold and silver. These were stolen from the Incas and the mines that the Spanish came to control. The gold was used by the Spanish monarchy to pay off its debts and also to fund its ‘religious’ wars.

Another major impact that the Spanish colonization had on the indigenous people was the lost of their culture and tradition. After being taken over by the Spanish settlers they were stripped of their unique cultures. It was on Columbus’ third voyage he discovered Trinidad.