San Andreas Fault system

In normal and reverse faulting, rock masses slip vertically past each other. In strike-slip faulting, the rocks slip past each other horizontally. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. A block that has dropped relatively downward between two normal faults dipping toward each other is called a graben.

Rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without much upward or downward movement. tensional-normal pulls rocks apart, compression-reverse the force that squeezes rocks together, shear-strike slip causes the rocks on either side of a fault to slide past each other.

Earthquakes occur on faults – strike-slip earthquakes occur on strike-slip faults, normal earthquakes occur on normal faults, and thrust earthquakes occur on thrust or reverse faults. When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other.

Strike-slip faults are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed right lateral; if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left lateral.

strike-slip fault – a fault on which the two blocks slide past one another. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a right lateral fault.

A strike-slip fault is a nearly vertical dip-slip fault in which fault blocks move horizontally, parallel to the fault strike. In this kind of fault, both the maximum and minimum principal stresses are horizontal while the intermediate stress is vertical.

Shear stress

Detailed Description Strike-slip faults are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed right-lateral; if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left-lateral.

Definition The basic meaning of strike-slip faults is that they are near vertical sections and their two plates move relatively horizontally along strike. Its basic characteristics are straight fault line, steep cross section and narrow fault zone, which can be divided into left and right lines.

Whereas thrust faults experience vertical motion that can displace overlying water and produce tsunamis, movement on strike-slip faults is predominantly horizontal — with portions of tectonic plates grinding laterally past one another — and does not typically cause tsunamis.

Strike-slip faulting can result in the lateral offset of rivers, as well as other geological and geomorphic markers (Cowgill, 2007, Cowgill et al., 2009, Fu and Awata, 2007, Fu et al., 2005, Huang, 1993), while uplift causes incision and may result in the deflection of river channels, affecting drainage basin geometry.

If a river is flowing toward the hanging wall, a normal fault could produce a waterfall because the hanging wall slides down along the footwall, so it is lower than the footwall. The water would cascade over the edge of the footwall and fall onto the hanging wall below.

After a quake along a strike-slip fault, railroad tracks and fences can show bends and shifts. And, of course, the motion can cause bridges and buildings to collapse. With both normal and reverse faults, movement occurs vertically. A normal fault is usually associated with plates that are diverging.

The magnitude-7.7 quake that struck in October 2012 has caused seismologists to rethink the danger posed by such strike–slip faults. Because the plate motion of such faults tends to be horizontal rather than vertical, less water is displaced and therefore there is less danger of a tsunami.

San Andreas Fault

The cause of strike-slip fault earthquakes is due to the movement of the two plates against one another and the release of built up strain. As the larger plates are pushed or pulled in different directions they build up strain against the adjacent plate until it finally fails.

There are three main types of fault which can cause earthquakes: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip.

An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth’s crust and cause the shaking that we feel.

A reverse fault is called a thrust fault if the dip of the fault plane is small. Other names: thrust fault, reverse-slip fault or compressional fault. Examples: Rocky Mountains, Himalayas.

Tensional stress is the stress that tends to pull something apart. It is the stress component perpendicular to a given surface, such as a fault plane, that results from forces applied perpendicular to the surface or from remote forces transmitted through the surrounding rock.

Tensional stress, sometimes known as extensional stress, stretches and pulls rocks apart. A prime example of tensional stress is the mid-Atlantic ridge, where the plates carrying North and South America are moving west, while the plates carrying Africa and Eurasia are moving east.

a fracture in the earth’s crust caused by tension; the rocks that are separated simply move apart and experience no other relative displacement.

Stress management can be complicated and confusing because there are different types of stress — acute stress, episodic acute stress, and chronic stress — each with its own characteristics, symptoms, duration and treatment approaches.

There are three main types of stress. These are acute, episodic acute, and chronic stress.

11 Signs and Symptoms of Too Much Stress

1. Acne. Acne is one of the most visible ways that stress often manifests itself.
2. Headaches.
3. Chronic Pain.
4. Frequent Sickness.
5. Decreased Energy and Insomnia.
6. Changes in Libido.
7. Digestive Issues.
8. Appetite Changes.

“Good stress,” or what psychologists refer to as “eustress,” is the type of stress we feel when we are excited. Our pulse quickens and our hormones surge, but there is no threat or fear. We feel this type of stress when we ride a roller coaster, compete for a promotion, or go on a first date.

The Four Common Types of Stress

• Time stress.
• Anticipatory stress.
• Situational stress.
• Encounter stress.

Examples of life stresses are:

• The death of a loved one.
• Divorce.
• Loss of a job.
• Increase in financial obligations.
• Getting married.
• Moving to a new home.
• Chronic illness or injury.
• Emotional problems (depression, anxiety, anger, grief, guilt, low self-esteem)

Another form of good stress is the stress that enables us to survive in times of trauma. This stress makes us aware of danger and enables us to escape when we need to. Bad Stress: Bad forms of stress do not help us achieve goals or tasks, but instead actually inhibit our ability to function on a daily basis.