Reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. It is called a name for the second object. The second object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the referent of the first object.

It is a basis for comparison (a frame of reference) for a physician or other health professional to interpret a set of test results for a particular patient. Some important reference ranges in medicine are reference ranges for blood tests and reference ranges for urine tests.

A reference range is a set of values that includes upper and lower limits of a lab test based on a group of otherwise healthy people. The values in between those limits may depend on such factors as age, sex, and specimen type (blood, urine, spinal fluid, etc.)

Different laboratories use different kinds of equipment and different kinds of testing methods. That means they have to establish their own ranges, and will provide your test result with an accompanying reference range appropriate to the laboratory.

(REH-frents raynj) In medicine, a set of values that a doctor uses to interpret a patient’s test results. The reference range for a given test is based on the results that are seen in 95% of the healthy population.

1. Complete blood count

Abnormalities in a full blood count A result above or below the normal range may indicate an abnormality. Many illnesses, diseases or infections other than the ones listed below can cause an abnormal full blood count result.

Below, we discuss the five most common factors that can skew blood work and other laboratory test results.

1. Medications. Certain prescription and over-the-counter medications can impact the results of your blood test.
2. Diet & Nutrition.
3. Exercise.
4. Substances.
5. Biological Factors.

10 Ways to Reduce Anxiety While Waiting for Imaging Test Results

1. Remember that your feelings are normal.
2. Don’t assume the worst.
3. Take steps to feel more in control.
4. Limit how much you look up online.
5. Keep busy – or keep still.
6. Stick to your daily routine.
7. Try taking a walk.
8. Ask for help.

Your kidney numbers include 2 tests: ACR (Albumin to Creatinine Ratio) and GFR (glomerular filtration rate). GFR is a measure of kidney function and is performed through a blood test. Your GFR will determine what stage of kidney disease you have – there are 5 stages.

Several things can cause chronic inflammation, including: untreated causes of acute inflammation, such as an infection or injury….Experts also believe that a range of factors may also contribute to chronic inflammation, such as:

• smoking.
• obesity.
• alcohol.
• chronic stress.

What’s more, a review of 15 studies on the effects of coffee, caffeine, and other coffee-related components on inflammatory markers found that low, medium, and high coffee intake has predominantly anti-inflammatory effects ( 3 ). Nevertheless, some evidence suggests that coffee may increase inflammation in some people.