Non-centralised states were states that represented only small political units where powers were not concentrated under a single authority. They are also referred to as stateless societies. Non-centralised states are the opposite of what is obtained in a centralised state system.

Under a centralized system, individual members of society are no longer decisive; they cannot veto collective decisions and unanimity is not required. Instead, socially binding actions are taken by a sub-set of society’s members, and individuals can be compelled to comply with decisions taken by these agents.

In a centralized state, the power and the authority are concentrated in the hands of the central government, which takes decisions and performs most functions. Conversely, in a decentralized state, power and responsibilities are dispersed and distributed across regions and areas.

1. To draw into or toward a center; consolidate. 2. To bring under a single, central authority: The Constitution centralizes political power in the federal government.

Centralised admission means that you can only fill out the course you want but not ask for any specific college. And non centralised admission is the normal form of admission where you choose your own college and apply there.

1900 have been known under the name of Nigeria during the pre-colonial period (16th to 18th centuries) was dominated by a number of powerful West African kingdoms or empires, such as the |Oyo Empire]] and the Islamic Kanim Borno Empire in the north and west, and the Igbo kingdom of Onitsha in the southeast and various …

Apple is an example of a business with a centralized management structure.

Traditionally Adidas has operated in a decentralized manner, with separate operating units independently choosing software that suited their internal preferences and geography (Tibco, 2007).

If an organization needs an easy-to-manage system that allows it to exert a great deal of control over workloads and user access, a centralized network makes the most sense. Decentralized architecture may be more difficult to implement and maintain, but it offers advantages in terms of redundancy and security.

Advantages and Disadvantages Of Decentralisation

• Motivation of Subordinates.
• Growth and Diversification.
• Quick Decision Making.
• Efficient Communication.
• Ease of Expansion.
• Better Supervision And Control.
• Satisfaction of Human needs.
• Relief to top executives.

INTRODUCTION. The term centralization means concentration of authority at the top of the administrative system. On the one hand, and, on the other hand, decentralization means dispersal of authority among the lower levels of the administrative system.

In its most general term, decentralization refers to the transfer of authority from a central government to a sub-national entity. There are many ways in which a government may devolve power to the sub-national level. Thus, decentralization can be political, administrative, fiscal, or economic.

Decentralisation ensures better control and supervision as the subordinates at the lowest levels will have the authority to make independent decisions. As a result they have thorough knowledge of every assignment under their control and are in a position to make amendments and take corrective action.

Important arguments in favor of decentralizing government are that it: creates an efficient and reliable administration, intensifies and improves local development, better ensures the rights of the local population to have a voice in government, and better protects minorities.

Political decentralization refers to a federal-state system where a state government has greater power between the national government and the local people. It has been observed that prior to decentralization most of the activities of the state government were carried out by the federal government.

There are four main types of decentralisation: political, administrative, fiscal, and market decentralisation.

• Political decentralisation.
• Administrative decentralisation.
• Fiscal decentralisation.
• Market decentralisation.

Major steps that were taken towards decentralisation in 1992 were:

• It was made obligatory to hold elections for choosing members of local governmental institutions.
• Seats were reserved for people belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and other backward classes in local bodies.

The process of decentralisation makes the lower level managers question their judgement and abilities. When given responsibility and decision- making freedom, they are challenged to develop solutions. In the long run, this does a world of good to their confidence and promotes self-reliance.