Independent states join together on their own to form a larger unit is known as Coming together federalism. In the Coming Together Federation, the central government and the state always seem to have equal powers.

Federalism is a compromise meant to eliminate the disadvantages of both systems. In a federal system, power is shared by the national and state governments. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments.

Indian federalism is a threefold distribution based on three lists: I – Union List on which centre make laws such as defence, currency, etc. II – State List on which state make laws such as police, trade, agriculture, etc. III – Concurrent List on which both Centre and State Legislates such as education, marriage, etc.

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(B) Other important factors are: (i) A culture of trust, (ii) cooperation, (iii) mutual respect and (iv) restraints also helps federations to function smoothly. (C) Political parties also help a constitution of the country to work.

Federalism in India is practised by the creation of linguistic states ,language policy and centre state relations. Linguistic states:- in 1947 ,the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states . This was done to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state .

Power shared between Central and State governments to local government is called the Decentralization of government. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing however varies from state to state.

India a federal country because of the following reasons: There are levels of governments—Central Government, State Government and Local Government. Each level of government administers over the same region, but they have their own jurisdiction in matters of administration, taxation and legislation.

Residuary Subjects are recognised as subjects that are not present in any of the lists stated in the constitution. The government of the Union has the powers to render law on Residuary Subjects. ,These subjects are e-commerce, Computer software and so on.

Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers that are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government. …

The central government makes laws on these at all times, including in times of emergencies. The state list contains 66 subjects of local or state importance on which the state governments can make laws.

Answer. Answer: Some of the subjects included in this list are computer technology, software and hardware, internet regulation etc. These subjects are called residuary subjects because they were not existent at the time of the framing of the Constitution.

RESIDUARY LIST is the list which contains subjects that do not comes under Union list , State list or Concurrent list. These subjects came after the Indian constitution was made. So it was not added in any of the initial lists.

D. Irrigation. Hint: Residuary subjects are those which are not listed in either of the Union or state lists mentioned in the Constitution of India. The union list consists of 97 subjects on which the central government or the Parliament can make laws.

The power to make laws with respect to residuary subjects (i.e., the matters which are not enumerated in any of the three lists) is vested in the Parliament. This residuary power of legislation includes the power to levy residuary taxes.

The Parliament – The supreme law making body of India, headed by the President of India holds the residuary powers. It means that the Parliament is powered to legislate on the matters that are excluded in the list of State and Union and also the Concurrent ones.

Residuary Powers are special powers entrusted by the Constitution, to the Union Government. The Parliament has powers to make any law with respect to any matter which is not a part of the Concurrent List or State List.