The principal marine primary producers are cyanobacteria, algae and marine plants. The oxygen released as a by-product of photosynthesis is needed by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. In addition, primary producers are influential in the global carbon and water cycles.

Estuaries

Phytoplankton serve as the major primary producers in the marine ecosystem. These microscopic, single-celled plants, bacteria, algae and other organisms harvest sunlight through photosynthesis and store it as chemical energy before becoming food for tiny creatures called zooplankton.

Producers are described as autotrophic, which means they are able to make their own food. Just like producers on land, producers in the marine environment convert energy from the sun into food energy through photosynthesis. Phytoplankton are the most abundant and widespread producers in the marine environment.

Producers. Primary producers — including bacteria, phytoplankton, and algae — form the lowest trophic level, the base of the aquatic food web.

The marine ecosystem is made up of a complicated series interconnected energy producers—like plants and photoplankton—and consumers—from plant-eaters to meat-eaters, both great and small.

Zooplankton and Krill Zooplankton are the primary consumers of the marine food web. They serve as the crucial link between the phytoplankton (primary producers) and the rest of the marine food web (secondary consumers), serving as a nutritious food source for larger creatures higher up in the food chain.

Although there is some disagreement, several types of marine ecosystems are largely agreed on: estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove forests, coral reefs, the open ocean, and the deep-sea ocean. An estuary is a coastal zone where oceans meets rivers.

Healthy marine ecosystems are important for society since they provide services including food security, feed for livestock , raw materials for medicines, building materials from coral rock and sand, and natural defenses against hazards such as coastal erosion and inundation.

Here are 10 lifestyle choices that – when adopted – can help protect and restore our oceans for future generations.

1. Demand plastic-free alternatives.
2. Reduce your carbon footprint.
3. Avoid ocean-harming products.
4. Eat sustainable seafood.
5. Vote on ocean issues.
6. Contact your representatives and lawmakers.
7. Explore the oceans.

Marine ecosystems are characterized by factors such as availability of light, food and nutrients. Other factors that affect marine ecosystems include water temperature, depth and salinity, as well as local topography. Changes in these conditions can change the composition of species that make up the marine community.

Marine ecosystems include: the abyssal plain (areas like deep sea coral, whale falls, and brine pools), polar regions such as the Antarctic and Arctic, coral reefs, the deep sea (such as the community found in the abyssal water column), hydrothermal vents, kelp forests, mangroves, the open ocean, rocky shores, salt …

The abiotic features in the marine biome is the sunlight the water/ocean ,salinity, acidity, oxygen, light levels, depth, and temperature because its not living.

estuary

Ocean ecosystems are divided into four zones: intertidal, pelagic, benthic and abyssal.

coastal

Humans Impact on the Ocean

• Habitat Destruction.
• Carbon Emissions.
• Chemical Pollution.
• Oil Spills.
• Noise Pollution.
• Plastic pollution.
• Overfishing.
• Destructive Fishing.

Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, habitat loss, the introduction of invasive species, ocean pollution, ocean acidification and ocean warming.

Students learn about three examples of human impacts on marine life: migration patterns and shipping, algal blooms and water chemistry, and marine debris. Some of these impacts are due to human activity in the ocean, and some impacts on the ocean are due to human activity on land.

It provides a treasured source of recreation for humans. It is mined for minerals (salt, sand, gravel, and some manganese, copper, nickel, iron, and cobalt can be found in the deep sea) and drilled for crude oil. The ocean plays a critical role in removing carbon from the atmosphere and providing oxygen.

Cities, factories, and farms create waste, pollution, and chemical effluent and runoff that can wreak havoc on reefs, sea grasses, birds, and fish. Destructive fishing techniques like bottom trawling, dynamiting, and poisoning destroy habitats near shore as well as in the deep sea.

The human activities disturb the fish, reduce their numbers and interfere with their ecosystem. The main human threats to marine life are shark hunting, overfishing, inadequate protection, tourism, shipping, oil and gas, pollution, aquaculture and climate change.

Overfishing is threatening food security for hundreds of millions of people and destroying ocean ecosystems worldwide. We’ve already removed at least two-thirds of the large fish in the ocean, and one in three fish populations have collapsed since 1950. Put simply, there are too many boats chasing too few fish.

Deforestation and the conversion of wild spaces for human food production have largely been blamed for the destruction of Earth’s web of life. The report highlights that 75% of the Earth’s ice-free land has been significantly altered by human activity, and almost 90% of global wetlands have been lost since 1700.