Calipers

The radius is the length from the center of a circle to the edge Therefore, if you know the radius, multiply it by two to determine the diameter (diameter = 2 x radius)

Measure just the radius of the circle if it is very large The radius is the distance from the center to any point on the circle Multiply the radius by two to produce a measurement for the diameter

Find the outside diameter if the pipe has male threads or no threads The outside diameter is from outside edge to outside edge across the pipe To find it, measure around the circumference of the pipe with flexible measuring tape Divide the circumference by pi, or about

Use the inside jaws to measure the diameter of the hole Before you remove the caliper from the hole, press the button to zero the caliper while it is set to the diameter of the hole Use the outside jaws to measure the shaft A positive reading (no minus sign displayed) shows that the shaft is larger than the hole

Rotate the vernier caliper 90° and repeat the steps 4 and 5 for measuring the internal diameter in perpendicular direction To measure the depth, find the total reading and zero correction The edge of the main scale of vernier caliper should be placed on the peripheral edge

The formula of Vernier calliper least counts is determined by dividing the smallest reading of the main scale with the total number of vernier scale divisions The LC of vernier calliper is the difference between one smallest main scale reading and one smallest vernier scale reading of 01 mm 0r 001 cm

The vernier scale can read to 005 mm So using both scales, the width can be read to the nearest cm (or 005 mm) To measure the width, you read the top and bottom scale as follows: Find where the 0 mark of the vernier scale lines up on the main scale

The vernier caliper uses the principle of alignment of line segments to determine the more accurate reading The length of the object to be measured is placed in between the two jaws of the vernier calipers Certain graduation on the vernier scale gets signed with a reading on the main scale

A tool that can be used to measure outside dimensions, inside dimensions, or depths of holes The size of the smallest division on a scale For the main scale on the common vernier caliper this is probably 01 cm With the vernier scale the least count might be cm

Vernier calipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to 001 mm (10 micrometres), or one thousandth of an inch They are available in sizes that can measure up to 1828 mm (72 in)

Vernier calipers can measure accuracy to one-hundredth of a millimeter and one thousand of an inch With a vernier caliper, you can make more precise measurements than you could with regular rulers The main scale remains fixed to the device and can be found on the length of the caliper It works like a ruler

is that calipers is a device used to measure thickness between two surfaces, especially for small or precise measurements while vernier is a secondary scale with finer graduations than the primary scale of a measuring device; the vernier measures between graduations of the larger scale

Type A, B, and C Vernier calipers are classified based on an international standard IS according to this standard three types of vernier calipers have been specified to meet external and internal measurement requirements of up to 2000mm with the accuracy of 002, 005, and 01 mm

The vernier calipers found in the laboratory incorporates a main scale and a sliding vernier scale which allows readings to the nearest 002 mm This instrument may be used to measure outer dimensions of objects (using the main jaws), inside dimensions (using the smaller jaws at the top), and depths (using the stem)

A Vernier scale on a caliper may have a least count of 01 mm while a micrometer may have a least count of 001 mm The least count error occurs with both systematic and random errors Instruments of higher precision can reduce the least count error

Vernier Caliper Functions & Important Parts

• Lower Jaws: The upper jaws are the most prominent feature of a vernier caliper
• Upper Jaws: The upper jaws are smaller in size and are attached to the upper portion of the vernier caliper
• Depth Rod:
• Main Scale:
• Vernier Scale:
• Thumb Screw:
• Lock Screw:

Follow these steps to read the vernier scale:

1. Read the main scale Look for the last whole increment visible before the 0 (zero) mark
2. Read the secondary scale (Vernier) measurement This is the division tick mark that lines up best with a mark on the main scale
3. Add the two measurements together

Least count: The least count of the screw is defined as the distance moved by the tip of the screw when turned through one division of the head scale

Vernier constant is defined as the difference between the value of one main scale division and one vernier scale division It is also known as the least count of vernier calliper ie the minimum length that can be measured accurately using this instrument

Vernier Constant, VC = 1 MSD-1 VSD = ( mm = 01 mm = 001cm

Pitch is defined as the distance travelled by the spindle per revolution which is measured by moving the head scale over the pitch scale

scale division means the value, in units of mass, of the smallest subdivision or unit that can be indicated by a scale