organisms need food, water and oxygen for survival. They need to transport all these to various parts of their body. Further, animals need to transport wastes to parts from where they can be removed.

The primary difference is the driving mechanism. In plants it is one-way capillary action in small tubes. In humans it is pressure drop within a closed-loop circuit.

Most multicellular plants and animals have too small a surface area to volume ratio so diffusion would be too slow to provide the necessary molecules. Therefore, they require a system to transport nutrients and waste products around the organism.

Circulatory System

In an open circulatory system, blood vessels transport all fluids into a cavity. When the animal moves, the blood inside the cavity moves freely around the body in all directions. The blood bathes the organs directly, thus supplying oxygen and removing waste from the organs.

As the size of an organism increases, its surface area to volume ratio decreases. Large multicellular organisms therefore cannot rely on diffusion alone to supply their cells with substances such as food and oxygen and to remove waste products. Large multicellular organisms require specialised transport systems.

Common features of transport systems:

• they are made up of tubes or ‘vessels’ that carry materials from one part of the organism to another.
• they make close contact with cells, such as those of exchange surfaces.

Transportation is used to reduce costs. Moving products from one location to another using one or a combination of the various modes of transportation is a cost-intensive affair. To control transportation costs and keep them as low as possible, conducting a full freight audit is essential.

The most important form of public transport over short distance is Auto-rickshaw Bus Metro rail Car

• Auto-rickshaw.
• Bus.
• Metro rail.
• Car.

You’ll save money. Using public transport can save you up to four times the money you use commuting in your private or personal car. The regular use of your personal car will require the costs of maintenance and other additional charges such as parking fees, emission tickets, and speeding fines.

Examples of public transport include city buses, trolleybuses, trams (or light rail) and passenger trains, rapid transit (metro/subway/underground, etc.) and ferries. Public transport between cities is dominated by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail.

It’s cheaper to take public transportation than it is to drive a car. APTA states that the average household would save $10,000 yearly by owning one less car and taking public transit instead. That’s around $833 per month. In some cities, you can cut your commuting costs by even more by switching to public transit.

If everyone used public transport, more buses would pollute cities. It should also be mentioned that the manufacturing and creation of a public transport system is very energy intensive, drawing largely on coal and fossil fuels for energy. This releases significant carbon emissions into the atmosphere.

Luxembourg

These five main themes reflect major challenges and goals facing public transportation today:

• 1.Safety and security.
• 2.Resource advocacy.
• 3.Demographic shifts.
• 4.Technological innovation.
• 5.Workforce development.

The disadvantages of a bus network are:

• if the main cable fails or gets damaged the whole network will fail.
• as more workstations are connected the performance of the network will become slower because of data collisions.
• every workstation on the network “sees” all of the data on the network – this is a security risk.

Trains scale better than buses. Each traincar can hold more people than a bus, and trains can be run at long lengths and at higher frequencies than buses. The number of buses required to fully replace the capacity of a full subway line at rush hour frequencies exceeds one per minute.

Today, transportation is climate enemy #1, responsible for more greenhouse gas emissions than any other sector of the economy. Until taking transit is as quick, comfortable, safe, reliable and affordable as traveling by car, we are going to struggle to gain traction in helping people to drive less and live more.

Below are 10 negatives of cycling.

• Exposure to the Elements.
• Unexpected Expenses.
• Dangerous Drivers.
• Road Hazards.
• Poor Lights.
• Lack of Cycle Lanes and Trails.
• Lack of Storage.
• Limited Travel Distance.

Yes, cycling can help lose belly fat, but it will take time. A recent study showed regular cycling may enhance overall fat loss and promote a healthy weight. To reduce overall belly girth, moderate-intensity aerobic exercises, such as cycling (either indoor or outdoor), are effective to lower belly fat.

Research indicates that cycling for prolonged periods for many years can put pressure on arteries and nerves that serve reproductive systems in both men and women. It may also contribute to back pain and bone loss in some cyclists. However, these disadvantages are outweighed by numerous health benefits of cycling.

Cycling everyday is good when done with proper intensity level and if your body has sufficient time to recover. Competitive cyclists need recovery days given the intensity of their training and races, while more casual cyclists can cycle without taking days off.