+1,−1.

Since a chemical bond has two electrons, the “number of bonding electrons divided by 2” is by definition equal to the number of bonds surrounding the atom. So we can instead use this shortcut formula: Formal Charge = [# of valence electrons on atom] – [non-bonded electrons + number of bonds].

In carbon disulfide, the number of bonding electrons is eight. The formal charge for carbon atoms in carbon disulfide is zero.

Formal Charge of Each Atom In CoCl2: C = 0 lone pairs plus 4 electrons from bonds = 4 electrons. O = 4 electrons from lone pairs plus 2 electrons from bonds = 6 electrons. Cl = 6 electrons from lone pairs plus 1 electron from a bond with C = 7 electrons. Write these charges next to the atoms in the Lewis structure.

Answer: CO2 is a neutral molecule with 16 total valence electrons. Carbon double bonded to both oxygen atoms (carbon = 0, oxygens = 0, total formal charge =0). Since carbon has 4 valence electrons, its formal charge will be zero.

+1

A nitrogen atom in a ring can be neutral or can carry a positive or a negative charge. Oxygen and sulfur atoms in a ring either are in the neutral form or carry a positive charge.

The fluorine ion F- has a net negative charge yet the electrons are some how clinging to it. The notion of shielding of electrons in the same-shell provides a different sort of justification for the F-.

Water, which is two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, also is made up of charged particles, with the two hydrogen atoms having a positive charge. Because in water’s liquid form these atoms are free to move around any which way, it can easily be affected by a static electrical charge.