The first product of photosynthesis is a threecarbon compound called phosphoglyceric acid and phosphoglyceraldehyde. Almost immediately, two of these join to form a glucose molecule.

PGA

1.10). The first stable product of CO2 fixation in C3 plants is a three-carbon organic acid. The enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase (RUBISCO) combines CO2 with the phosphosugar ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.

Tomato (C3-plants) and maize (C4-plants) were grown in a nutrient solution to which triacontanol was added twice a week. The difference in the response of C3- and C4-plants to triacontanol indicates that it regulates processes related to photosynthesis.

Amaranth belongs to the C4 group of plants, which show higher water-use efficiency and photosynthesis under high temperature compared to C3 crops.

The major C3 holdouts among the common vegetable crops are the squashes and nightshades (tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and eggplant).

So, the correct answer is ‘Sugarcane’

C4 plants include many tropical grasses and are among the world’s most important crop species (maize and sugarcane).

Warm-season grasses are known as C4 Plants. This is because they use the four-carbon compound called PEP carboxylase in photosynthesis. In grasses PEP carboxylase is a photosynthetic enzyme that can “attract” CO2 more efficiently than C3 plants, and allows the stomates of the plant to be closed more often.

Onion is a C4 plant. Since the first formed product during photosynthesis is a 4C compound(oxalo acetic acid).

There are classes of plants known as “C3” and “C4” – referring to how they convert light energy into sugar or photosynthesize. Rice has a C3 photosynthetic pathway. “Other plants, such as maize, already have C4 photosynthesis,” says IRRI’s Dr.

Examples of C4 plants include corn, sorghum, sugarcane, millet, and switchgrass.

Some plants that are adapted to dry environments, such as cacti and pineapples, use the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway to minimize photorespiration. This name comes from the family of plants, the Crassulaceae, in which scientists first discovered the pathway. Image of a succulent.

C3 and C4 indicates the number of carbon atoms in the sugar molecules produced by the photosynthesis. CAM is Crassulacean acid metabolism in which carbon dioxide CO2 is fixed at night. Generally, C3 plants are suited to cool, moist conditions, C4 to hot and dry, and CAM to arid conditions.

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is the most economically valuable crop possessing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathway with high water-use efficiency, and the second most important tropical fruit.

The main difference between C4 and CAM plants is the way they minimize water loss. C4 plants relocate the CO2 molecules to minimize photorespiration while CAM plants choose when to extract CO2 from the environment. They collect CO2 at night when the environment is much cooler and stores the concentrated CO2 as malate.

C4 plants also produce more biomass and have a higher photosynthetic rate per unit of nitrogen than C3 plants. This means that C4 plants can grow and reproduce even on nitrogen- poor soils, and are particularly able to allocate biomass to roots, thus providing a fitness advantage.

Diverse groups of plants have evolved different systems for coping with the problem of photorespiration. These plants, called C4 plants and CAM plants, initially bind carbon dioxide using a much more efficient enzyme. CAM (“crassulacean acid metabolism”) plants also initially attach CO 2 to PEP and form OAA.

C4 plants largely bypass photorespiration by using an extension of the Calvin-Benson cycle to pump only CO2, and not oxygen, into the bundle sheath cells where the RUBISCO reaction occurs. C4 plants can maintain a high, local concentration of CO2 for RUBISCO activity without raising cellular oxygen levels.

Pineapple makes use of a special type of photosynthesis, called crassulacean acid metabolism, or CAM, which has evolved independently in more than 10,000 plant species. “This makes sense, because CAM photosynthesis allows plants to close the pores in their leaves during the day and open them at night.

C4 plants use this 4-carbon compound to effectively “concentrate” CO2 around rubisco, so that rubisco is less likely re react with O2. There are two important adaptations that allow C4 plants to do this: Rubisco is located in bundle sheath cells, but not in mesophyll cells.

Jade plants, succulent plants, pineapple, Keep stomata CLOSED during the day and OPEN at night. Store carbon dioxide as an organic acid. The organic acid then releases carbon dioxide directly to the Calvin Cycle.

CAM plants open their stomata to let in CO2 only at night, convert the incoming CO2 into four-carbon molecules, and store it over night. The molecules release carbon dioxide for the Calvin Cycle during the day, when stomata are closed.

At night, the stomata close to avoid losing water when photosynthesis is not occurring. During the day, stomata close if the leaves experience a lack of water, such as during a drought. The opening or closing of stomata occur in response to signals from the external environment.

Transpiration does not take place at night, because the stomata present on the leaf surface are closed during the night hours. Transpiration is the biological process by which water is lost in the form of vapour through the aerial parts of the plants.