Scholasticism is the study of Scholastic philosophy and the use of philosophical knowledge in explaining and defending the truths of faith are distinguishing features of the Middle Ages and humanism is an intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized human potential to attain excellence and promoted direct …

Anselm of Canterbury

Scholasticism, the philosophical systems and speculative tendencies of various medieval Christian thinkers, who, working against a background of fixed religious dogma, sought to solve anew general philosophical problems (as of faith and reason, will and intellect, realism and nominalism, and the provability of the …

Aristotle was one of the greatest philosophers who ever lived and the first genuine scientist in history. He made pioneering contributions to all fields of philosophy and science, he invented the field of formal logic, and he identified the various scientific disciplines and explored their relationships to each other.

1. Explain and differentiate three main areas of philosophy: ethics, epistemology and metaphysics. 2. Explain the difference between knowledge and beliefs about the physical world (the realm of science) and knowledge and beliefs about moral issues and metaphysical things such as God, Heaven and Hell, and souls.

There are four different methods of philosophizing namely, logic, existentialism, analytic tradition, and phenomenology. Logic is the truth based on reasoning and critical thinking. It includes analysis and construction of arguments. It serves as path to freedom from half-truths and deception.

– Some of these methods are the following:

• Socratic Method.
• Critical Analysis/Interpretation (the use of philosophical lenses to critically examine a text)
• Rationalism.
• Empiricism.
• Methodic Doubt.
• Dialectic Method.
• Phenomenology.

Philosophical method (or philosophical methodology) is the study of how to do philosophy. A common view among philosophers is that philosophy is distinguished by the ways that philosophers follow in addressing philosophical questions. There is not just one method that philosophers use to answer philosophical questions.

The tools are organized into five categories of philosophical activities: Devices, Principles, Methods, Concepts and Systems. For example, a device is an activity, such as making a distinction, developing a definition, asking a question or the act of inferring.

The four main branches of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic.

There are two traditions: empiricism, which holds that our knowledge is primarily based in experience, and rationalism, which holds that our knowledge is primarily based in reason.

Philosophical reflection is the careful examination of life situations. This involves the weighing of several alternatives and using specific standards to evaluate one’s actions. A man reflects philosophically when he is able to build on previous actions, events, or decisions.

There are two types of philosophical reflection according to Marcel, namely, primary reflection and secondary reflection. Primary reflection is a kind of thinking that calculates, analyzes, or recounts past events. In this way, primary reflection is a fragmented and compartmentalized thinking.

Terms in this set (2) The use of philosophical reflection is important as it enables thought to be looked into using a deeper, holistic perspective. Previous experiences may be seen as important aspects of making reflections because they facilitate deeper thinking and understanding of the self.

It teaches critical thinking, close reading, clear writing, and logical analysis; it uses these to understand the language we use to describe the world, and our place within it. Different areas of philosophy are distinguished by the questions they ask.

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument.