The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

The proposed 26th Amendment passed the House and Senate in the spring of 1971 and was ratified by the states on July 1, 1971.

FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of ser- vitude.

21 years to 18 years.

Forty years ago, the 26th Amendment to the United States Constitution took effect, lowering the universal voting age in America from 21 years to 18 years. Millions of young Americans were extended the right to vote, empowering more young people than ever before to help shape our country.

On this date, the 26th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified. In the turmoil surrounding the unpopular Vietnam War, lowering the national voting age became a controversial topic. The Supreme Court upheld the legislation in a 5 to 4 vote in applying the lowered voting age to federal elections only.

The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XXVI) lowered the minimum voting age in the United States from 21 to 18. The United States Congress approved the amendment on March 23, 1971, and sent it to the states to be ratified.

United States By 1968, several states had lowered the voting age below 21 years: Alaska and Hawaii’s minimum age was 20, while Georgia and Kentucky’s was 18. In 1970, the Supreme Court in Oregon v.

The effects of reducing the voting age from 21 years to 18 years are: 1. Increased participation in the political processes. India has the largest number of voters compared to any other democratic country.

The Sixty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988, lowered the voting age of elections to the Lok Sabha and to the Legislative Assemblies of States from 21 years to 18 years.

What was the main cause for the dropping of the legal voting age to 18? Was that govt officials hoped it would lead to a decline in disruptive student protests. The main goal is to draw young voters into participating politically. – Youth turnout rose in 2008 and most young people voted for Barack Obama.

Universal suffrage (also called universal franchise, general suffrage, and common suffrage of the common man) gives the right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, ethnicity, political stance, or any other restriction, subject only to relatively minor exceptions.

Universal Adult Franchise means that the right to vote should be given to all adult citizens without the discrimination of caste, class, colour, religion or gender. It is based on equality, which is a basic principle of democracy.9

why is the universal adult franchise compared to an elephant is it unmanageable or is it like the story in which everyone describes the elephant only by its parts. Because adult citizens are matured enough to elect and contest in election , matured citizen check the progress of the country .18

In India, elections are held on die basis of Universal Adult Franchise. To elect their representatives, elections are held from time to time. In India, we have indirect democracy. Every citizen of India, who has completed 18 years of age, has been given the right to vote irrespective of his caste, religion, sex etc.

Explanation: Universal Adult Franchise means that all citizens of a country have the right to vote, irrespective of caste, creed, religion or sex.

Rock the Vote is a non-profit progressive-aligned organization in the United States whose stated mission is “to engage and build the political power of young people.” The organization was founded in 1990 by Virgin Records America Co-Chairman Jeff Ayeroff, to encourage young people to vote.

Which of the following groups has a relatively low level of political participation? The lower economic class.

At least four factors help explain the rise of interest groups.

1. Broad economic developments.
2. Government policy.
3. Religious and moralistic movements.
4. The more activities government undertakes, the more interest groups form as a response to those activities.

Interest groups facilitate citizen participation in government, organizing individuals to take collective action through voting, fundraising, and disseminating information about their issues to elected officials and the public.

How might we get more people engaged in the interest group system? Interest groups can be better advertised, either on their own part or the governments part, so that more people can understand all the interest groups out there.

Family and/or school are the agents of socialization that have the strongest impact on an individual.

This theory, Known as the disturbance theory, describes the origins of interest groups as a natural reaction to a “disturbance in society.” That is, when the social, economic, or political environment is disturbed, a group or groups emerge in response to the disturbed conditions to press for policy change.

Why does it matter how we define interest group? Because each interest group believes in something different, so if a definition is completely opposite of what they stand by, than it gives a wrong impression of the group to the people.

Regulating Lobbying and Interest Group Activity. While the Supreme Court has paved the way for increased spending in politics, lobbying is still regulated in many ways. The 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act defined who can and cannot lobby, and requires lobbyists and interest groups to register with the federal government.

Interest groups serve as a means of political participation for their members. The primary goal of interest groups is to influence decision-makers and public policy through advocacy on behalf of members.

Lobbyists are professional advocates that work to influence political decisions on behalf of individuals and organizations. This advocacy could lead to the proposal of new legislation, or the amendment of existing laws and regulations.

Growth Trends for Related Jobs They also must be knowledgeable about the interests they represent. Although some work on a voluntary basis, most lobbyists are paid by the large businesses, industry trade organizations, private individuals, unions and public interest groups they represent.26

Lobbying is an integral part of a modern participatory government and is legally protected. In the U.S., the right to lobby is protected by both the 1st Amendment and the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995,3 and additionally by the inherent need for participation in our democratic environment.8

List of the Cons of Lobbying

• It is based on the needs of the minority.
• It is an effort to accomplish a specific goal.
• It can only be effective for a specific group.
• It can be illegal.
• It changes how the government operates.
• It requires experience to offer a solution.
• It may not work.