Benefits of OOP: It is easy to model a real system as real objects are represented by programming objects in OOP. The objects are processed by their member data and functions. This principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build a secure program that can not be invaded by code in other part of the program.

Object-oriented programming is often the most natural and pragmatic approach, once you get the hang of it. OOP languages allows you to break down your software into bite-sized problems that you then can solve — one object at a time.

OOP provides a clear structure for the programs. OOP helps to keep the C++ code DRY “Don’t Repeat Yourself”, and makes the code easier to maintain, modify and debug. OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with less code and shorter development time.

Explanation: Encapsulation and Abstraction are the same OOPS concepts. Encapsulation hides the features of the object and binds all the properties inside a single class. And abstraction is a feature that shows the required data to the user.

The SOLID principles of Object Oriented Design include these five principles:

• SRP – Single Responsibility Principle.
• OCP – Open/Closed Principle.
• LSP – Liskov Substitution Principle.
• ISP – Interface Segregation Principle.
• DIP – Dependency Inversion Principle.

Feature of OOPS Emphasis on data rather procedure. Programs are divided into units called “Objects”. Objects used to communicate with each other through functions. New functionality can be easily developed by creating objects and functions.

The features are – Data hiding, Data Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Dynamic binding.

Alan Kay

What is Abstraction in OOP? Abstraction is the concept of object-oriented programming that “shows” only essential attributes and “hides” unnecessary information. The main purpose of abstraction is hiding the unnecessary details from the users. It is one of the most important concepts of OOPs.

Abstraction is one of the key elements of good software design. It helps encapsulate behavior. It helps decouple software elements. When developing with higher level of abstraction, you communicate the behavior and less the implementation.

Abstraction means displaying only essential information and hiding the details. Data abstraction refers to providing only essential information about the data to the outside world, hiding the background details or implementation. Consider a real life example of a man driving a car. This is what abstraction is.

Abstraction (from the Latin abs, meaning away from and trahere , meaning to draw) is the process of taking away or removing characteristics from something in order to reduce it to a set of essential characteristics. Abstraction is related to both encapsulation and data hiding.

Abstraction allows us to create a general idea of what the problem is and how to solve it. The process instructs us to remove all specific detail, and any patterns that will not help us solve our problem. This helps us form our idea of the problem. This idea is known as a ‘model’.

Data abstraction allows us to transform a complex data structure into one that’s simple and easy to use. The effect of this is that a program with a high level of code complexity can be transformed into one that looks close to English (let’s call it high-level code).

Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification, wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined; thus effective communication about things in the abstract requires an intuitive or common experience between the communicator and the communication recipient.