In 2018, Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) was the leading cause (42.1%) of deaths attributable to CVD in the US, followed by stroke (17.0%), high blood pressure (11.0%), heart failure (9.6%), diseases of the arteries (2.9%), and other CVD (17.4%).

African-Americans are at higher risk for hypertension than any other racial or ethnic group. Compared to the general population, hypertension occurs at an earlier age among African Americans. Compared to the general population, hypertension is more severe among African Americans.

Rates of High Blood Pressure Control Vary by Sex and Race A greater percent of men (47%) have high blood pressure than women (43%). High blood pressure is more common in non-Hispanic black adults (54%) than in non-Hispanic white adults (46%), non-Hispanic Asian adults (39%), or Hispanic adults (36%).

Coronary artery disease results when atherosclerotic plaque forms a blockage of one or more coronary arteries.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of cardiovascular disease? Diabetes, high blood pressure, high fat diet, and one’s aerobic fitness level.

Coronary artery disease . When atherosclerosis affects the arteries that supply blood to the heart, the coronary arteries, it can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle.

Myocardial ischemia occurs when the blood flow through one or more of your coronary arteries is decreased. The low blood flow decreases the amount of oxygen your heart muscle receives. Myocardial ischemia can develop slowly as arteries become blocked over time.

Arteriosclerosis, also called hardening of the arteries, chronic disease characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of the walls of arteries, with a resulting loss of elasticity. Arteries carry oxygenated blood full of nutrients from the heart to organs throughout the body.

Arteries (in red) are the blood vessels that deliver blood to the body. Veins (in blue) are the blood vessels that return blood to the heart.

The main artery of the lower limb is the femoral artery. It is a continuation of the external iliac artery (terminal branch of the abdominal aorta). The external iliac becomes the femoral artery when it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle.

Blood Flow Through the Heart Oxygen-poor blood returns from the body to the heart through the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), the two main veins that bring blood back to the heart. The oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium (RA), or the right upper chamber of the heart.

Arteries and veins are the parts of the circulatory system which carry blood between the heart, lungs, and all other areas of the body. Most arteries carry oxygenated blood, and most veins carry deoxygenated blood; the pulmonary arteries and veins are the exceptions to this rule.

pulmonary vein

Your heart is a pumping muscle that works nonstop to keep your body supplied with oxygen-rich blood. Signals from the heart’s electrical system set the speed and pattern of the pump’s rhythm.

The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and towards the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood back to the heart. The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.

The two main branches are the left coronary artery (LCA) and right coronary artery (RCA)….

You always want to inject into a vein and never into an artery. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood from the extremities of the body back to the heart and lungs where it becomes re-oxygenated. Veins have no pulse, and the blood they carry is a deep, dark red because it is low in oxygen.

Have thinner walls and lower pressure on the inside. The lower pressure can make it more difficult for the blood to return to the heart, so veins have one-way valves in them to prevent blood from pooling or flowing backward because of gravity or other forces. Have a wider diameter than arteries and can hold more blood.

Aorta Anatomy The aorta is the large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to other parts of the body.

Arteries and veins experience differences in the pressure of blood flow. Arteries experience a pressure wave as blood is pumped from the heart. This can be felt as a “pulse.” Because of this pressure the walls of arteries are much thicker than those of veins.

The oxygen is then absorbed by the organs and the veins carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart. Because the blood pressure inside the arteries tends to be much higher than that in the veins, a major arterial rupture can result in some fairly obvious and dramatic bleeding.

Capillary bleeding. The most severe type of bleeding is arterial bleeding, but venous bleeding can be just as serious. You can identify venous bleeding by looking at the blood’s color and how quickly it flows out of a wound.

This area contains the Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein. If either is cut the attacker will bleed to death very rapidly. The Carotid is approximately 1.5″ below the surface of the skin, and if severed unconsciousness, will result in death in approximately 5-15 seconds.

Arterial thrombosis

• a heart attack, when blood flow to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked, causing chest pain, shortness of breath and dizziness.
• a stroke, when blood flow to the brain is cut off; the main symptoms are one side of the face dropping, weakness in one side of the body and slurred speech.

Don’t: Eat the Wrong Foods So you have to be careful about the amounts of kale, spinach, Brussels sprouts, chard, or collard or mustard greens you eat. Green tea, cranberry juice, and alcohol can affect blood thinners, too.

A blood clot in the heart or lungs could include symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and upper body discomfort in the arms, back, neck, or jaw, suggesting a heart attack or pulmonary embolism (PE).

Symptoms from a pulmonary embolism, like shortness of breath or mild pain or pressure in your chest, can linger 6 weeks or more. You might notice them when you’re active or even when you take a deep breath.

Although many people think walking around prevents blood clots, this is not true. Moving around and walking are important to keep you well and can help prevent things like pneumonia and bedsores. Walking by itself does not prevent clots.

When a blood clot occurs in one of your veins, it’s called a venous thromboembolism (VTE). If you’re even slightly concerned you might have one, call your doctor right away. Symptoms of blood clots can vary. It’s also possible to have a blood clot with no symptoms.

Natural blood thinners are substances that reduce the blood’s ability to form clots….Some foods and other substances that may act as natural blood thinners and help reduce the risk of clots include the following list:

• Turmeric.
• Ginger.
• Cayenne peppers.
• Vitamin E.
• Garlic.
• Cassia cinnamon.
• Ginkgo biloba.