Leptons: electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino. The elementary bosons (force carrying particles with integer spin ) are: Gluon, W and Z, photon. In what you said, the electron is a fundamental particle but the neutron and proton are not.

Explanation: There are two properties that can be used to identify an element: the atomic number or the number of protons in an atom. The number of neutrons and number of electrons are frequently equal to the number of protons, but can vary depending on the atom in question.

Which is bigger, an atom or a grain of sand? The atom is bigger. They are the same size.

How small is a quark? While the size of protons and neutrons is of the order of a Fermi (10−15 m), the size of quarks is ~10−18 m. It is deemed that quarks are composed of smaller particles – preons.

They have been known about for more than 100 years. We have something called the standard model of physics, which is a list of things that are not made of anything else – in other words, the smallest things we know of. That list includes quarks, gluons, electrons and neutrinos.

A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is very similar to an electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass, which might even be zero. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe. Because they have very little interaction with matter, however, they are incredibly difficult to detect.

At first glance, neutrinos are the perfect dark matter candidate. They barely interact at all with normal matter, and neither absorb nor emit light, meaning that they won’t generate an observable signal capable of being picked up by telescopes.

Because dark matter has not yet been observed directly, if it exists, it must barely interact with ordinary baryonic matter and radiation, except through gravity. Many experiments to directly detect and study dark matter particles are being actively undertaken, but none have yet succeeded.