: a power of perception like but not one of the five senses : a keen intuitive power.

Humans have various sensory organs (i.e. eyes, ears, skin, nose, and mouth) that correspond to a respective visual system (sense of vision), auditory system (sense of hearing), somatosensory system (sense of touch), olfactory system (sense of smell), and gustatory system (sense of taste).

Synonyms

• feeling.
• impression.
• perception.
• awareness.
• consciousness.
• atmosphere.
• aura.
• intuition.

The five basic sensory systems:

• Visual.
• Auditory.
• Olfactory (smell) System.
• Gustatory (taste) System.
• Tactile System.
• Tactile System (see above)
• Vestibular (sense of head movement in space) System.
• Proprioceptive (sensations from muscles and joints of body) System.

The functions of the five special senses include:

• Vision. Sight or vision is the capability of the eye(s) to focus and detect images of visible light on photoreceptors in the retina of each eye that generates electrical nerve impulses for varying colors, hues, and brightness.
• Hearing.
• Taste.
• Smell.
• Touch.

The commonly held human senses are as follows:

• Sight. This technically is two senses given the two distinct types of receptors present, one for color (cones) and one for brightness (rods).
• Taste.
• Touch.
• Pressure.
• Itch.
• Thermoception.
• Sound.
• Smell.

Here’s how they work.

• Touch. Touch is thought to be the first sense that humans develop, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• Sight. Sight, or perceiving things through the eyes, is a complex process.
• Hearing.
• Smell.
• Taste.
• The sense of space.
• Additional senses & variations.

Our everyday understanding of perception is that we see, touch, smell, taste and hear. As such, we often describe our thoughts and emotions in terms of five distinct senses. Modern cognitive neuroscience is challenging this understanding: instead of five we might count up to 33 senses, served by dedicated receptors.

They are as mentioned below:

• Chakshu Indriya – Sense organ of Sight (Eye)
• Shrotra Indriya – Sense organ of Hearing (Ear)
• Ghraana Indriya – Sense organ of Smell (Nose)
• Rasanaa Indriya – Sense organ of Taste (Tongue)
• Twak Indriya or Sparshana Indriya – Sense organ of Touch (Skin)

ten Indriyas

Gyanendriya: Involved in the acquaintance of knowledge. Karmendriya: Involve in daily routine work.

The indriyas include the manas (sensory or processing mind), the five karmendriyas (means of expression, action or senses) and the five jnanendriyas (wisdom or knowing senses).

dermis

What are the seven most important layers of your skin?

• Stratum corneum.
• Stratum lucidum.
• Stratum granulosum.
• Stratum spinosum.
• Stratum basale.
• Dermis.
• Hypodermis.

The purpose for this was to recognise the significance that location and orientation have on the mechanical properties of human skin. The mean ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was 27.2±9.3MPa, the mean strain energy was 4.9±1.5MJ/m3, the mean elastic modulus was 98.97±97MPa and the mean failure strain was 25.45±5.07%.

WHAT MAKES SKIN TOUGH? Skin gets its strength from a supple outer layer called the epidermis, made largely of dead cells packed with a hard protein called keratin. The epidermis is continually wearing away and renewing itself.

epidermis

It is made up of two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The outer layer of the skin (epidermis) is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells. Under the squamous cells are round cells called basal cells.

Skin has three layers: The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.

The epidermis is the thin outer layer of the skin. It consists of 2 primary types of cells: Keratinocytes.

The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. The adjective cutaneous literally means “of the skin” (from Latin cutis, skin).

Skin is more than a fleshy surface for pimples, tattoos and wrinkles. Skin is the body’s largest organ, and along with hair, nails, glands and nerves, is part of the integumentary system, according to Oregon State University. This system acts as a protective barrier between the outside and the inside of the body.

crust

The very outer layer is called the stratum corneum. There is a sebaceous gland around each hair that comes up from the dermis.

The outer layers are the Photosphere, the Chromosphere, the Transition Region and the Corona. IRIS will focus its investigation on the Chromosphere and Transition Region. More detail on the outer layers follows: Photosphere – The photosphere is the deepest layer of the Sun that we can observe directly.

If we subdivide the Earth based on rheology, we see the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core. However, if we differentiate the layers based on chemical variations, we lump the layers into crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

core

There are three main sources of heat in the deep earth: (1) heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost; (2) frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet; and (3) heat from the decay of radioactive elements.