Ribose is an energy source that the body makes from food. There is some evidence that supplemental ribose might prevent muscle fatigue in people with genetic disorders that prevent sufficient energy production by the body. It might provide extra energy to the heart during exercise in people with heart disease.

four

According to Chargaff’s rule, Concentration of adenine=concentration of thymine. therefore if [A]=40% then the [T] will also be 40%. But this rule rule is applicable only for double stranded DNA molecule.

There are four DNA nucleotides, each with one of the four nitrogen bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine).

The DNA molecule is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. There are four nitrogenous bases in DNA, two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine). A DNA molecule is composed of two strands.

To the enologist, the most important carbohydrates are the six-carbon sugars, glucose and fructose, utilized by yeast in alcoholic fermentation. These two sugars also are referred to as reducing sugars. Thus, certain pentoses also are classified as reducing sugars, even though they are unfer- mentable by wine yeasts.

Some sugars are formed by the bonding of two monosaccharides. They are known as disaccharides. The main difference between reducing and nonreducing sugar is that reducing sugars have free aldehyde or ketone groups whereas nonreducing sugars do not have free aldehyde or ketone groups.

The end of the molecule containing the free anomeric carbon is called the reducing end, and the other end is called the nonreducing end. So non-reducing sugars that cannot reduce oxidizing agents. A reducing end of a carbohydrate is a carbon atom that can be in equilibrium with the open-chain aldehyde or keto form.