Race conditions in software or any system occur when the desired output requires that certain events occur in a specific order but that the events don’t always happen in that order. There is a ‘race’ between the events and if the wrong events win, the program fails.

Critical race theory (CRT) is an academic movement made up of civil-rights scholars and activists in the United States who seek to critically examine the law as it intersects with issues of race, and to challenge mainstream liberal approaches to racial justice.

A race condition occurs when two threads access a shared variable at the same time. The first thread reads the variable, and the second thread reads the same value from the variable.

What Is a Race Condition Vulnerability? A race condition attack happens when a computing system that’s designed to handle tasks in a specific sequence is forced to perform two or more operations simultaneously. Other names used to refer to this vulnerability include Time of Check/Time of Use or TOC/TOU attacks.

A Threat Actor or Threat Agent is a party that is responsible for, or attempts to bring about, harm to an organization. Threat actors can be persons, groups, or entities and they are sometimes referred to as malicious actors.

At the same time, some problems that never exist in the sequential systems emerged. Race condition is one of them. Race condition is an infamous bug in parallel system. The result of race condition is nondeterministic and extremely hard to reproduce and debug, which is obviously not what we want.

□ A “race condition” arises if two or more threads. access the same variables or objects concurrently. and at least one does updates. □ Example: Suppose t1 and t2 simulatenously execute. the statement x = x + 1; for some static global x.

To avoid race conditions, mutual exclusion must be enforced within critical sections. Prohibits more than one process from accessing shared memory at same time. If no two processes enter their critical sections at same time, no race conditions.

The mutual-exclusion solution to this makes the shared resource available only while the process is in a specific code segment called the critical section. It controls access to the shared resource by controlling each mutual execution of that part of its program where the resource would be used.

The main purpose of synchronization is the sharing of resources without interference using mutual exclusion. The other purpose is the coordination of the process interactions in an operating system. Semaphores and monitors are the most powerful and most commonly used mechanisms to solve synchronization problems.