A parallax error is the perceived shift in an object’s position as it is viewed from different angles. The error is most easily noticed by looking at a nearby object with one eye closed, then looking at it through the other eye. The apparent motion of the object is the parallax shift, and it is responsible…

Uncertainty as used here means the range of possible values within which the true value of the measurement lies. This definition changes the usage of some other commonly used terms. For example, the term accuracy is often used to mean the difference between a measured result and the actual or true value.

Error is the difference between the actual value and calculated value of any physical quantity. Basically there are three types of errors in physics, random errors, blunders, and systematic errors.

zero error Any indication that a measuring system gives a false reading when the true value of a measured quantity is zero, eg the needle on an ammeter failing to return to zero when no current flows. A zero error may result in a systematic uncertainty.

In the science of measurement, the least count of a measuring instrument is the smallest and accurate value in the measured quantity that can be resolved on the instrument’s scale. Any measurement made by the instrument can be considered repeatable to no less than the resolution of the least count.

The formula of Vernier calliper least counts is determined by dividing the smallest reading of the main scale with the total number of vernier scale divisions. The LC of vernier calliper is the difference between one smallest main scale reading and one smallest vernier scale reading of 0.1 mm 0r 0.01 cm.

The vernier caliper uses the principle of alignment of line segments to determine the more accurate reading. The length of the object to be measured is placed in between the two jaws of the vernier calipers. Certain graduation on the vernier scale gets signed with a reading on the main scale.

How to Calculate Least Count ? Mathematically a measurement instrument Least Count is calculated by dividing main scale reading with the total number of divisions on main scale. And if instrument also have a Secondary scale.

Introduction. A simple protractor is a basic device used for measuring angles with a least count of 1° or ½°. Bevel Protractor is an angular measuring instrument capable of measuring angles with a least count of 5′.

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Find Least count of Ammeter and Voltmeter given below

The range of practical voltmeter ranges between 1000 to 3000 volts.

Hence, the voltmeter reading would be V=IR = 0.

When the ammeter indicates a normal reading (not “backwards”), electrons are entering the black test lead and exiting the red. This is how you determine direction of current using a meter. For a 6-volt battery and a small lamp, the circuit current will be in the range of thousandths of an amp, or milliamps.