Public goods that are consumed by people but whose supply is not affected by people’s consumption.

For example, when a concert or government office decides to put on a fireworks display, everybody can watch it, making the good non-rivalrous because everyone who sees it can enjoy exactly the same fireworks display. Besides its being non-rivalrous, it is also non-excludable.

Public goods: Public goods are non-excludable and non-rival. Individuals cannot be effectively excluded from using them, and use by one individual does not reduce the good’s availability to others. Examples of public goods include the air we breathe, public parks, and street lights.

Non-rivalrous means that the goods do not dwindle in supply as more people consume them; non-excludability means that the good is available to all citizens. These goods can only be used by one person at a time–for example, a wedding ring.

27 Aug 2017 The INTERNET is a public good ARTICLE 19 delivered the following statement at the 35th Session of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) on 14 June 2017. One year ago, the UN Human Rights Council reaffirmed that “the same rights that people have offline must also be protected online.”

In general, water is both a private good and a public good. When water is being used in the home, in a factory or on a farm, it is a private good. When water is left in situ, whether for navigation, for people to enjoy for recreation, or as aquatic habitat, it is a public good.

The offence of committing an act outraging public decency does not apply to the internet as the cyber world is a “medium”, not a “public place”, judges of the top court have found.

A public network is a network to which anyone can connect. The best, and perhaps only pure, example of such a network is the Internet. A private network is any network to which access is restricted. A corporate network or a network in a school are examples of private networks.

All IP enabled devices have a private address identifying the device or local network. Each address must be unique to that network. An IP address is considered private if the number falls within one of the IP address ranges reserved for private networks such as a Local Area Network (LAN).

A public IP address identifies you to the wider internet so that all the information you’re searching for can find you. A private IP address is used within a private network to connect securely to other devices within that same network. Each device within the same network has a unique private IP address.

In the context of your home Wi-Fi network, having it set as Public isn’t dangerous at all. In fact, it’s actually more secure than having it set to Private! When your Wi-Fi network’s profile is set to “Public”, Windows prevents the device from being discoverable by other devices that are connected to the network.

How to Secure Your Wireless Network

1. Open your router settings page.
2. Create a unique password on your router.
3. Change your Network’s SSID name.
4. Enable Network Encryption.
5. Filter MAC addresses.
6. Reduce the Range of the Wireless Signal.
7. Upgrade your Router’s firmware.

In this way, the criminal can access users’ banking credentials, account passwords and other valuable information. Public Wi-Fi is inherently insecure — so be cautious. Laptops, smartphones and tablets are all susceptible to the wireless security risks. Don’t just assume that the Wi-Fi link is legitimate.

On the right side of the taskbar, select the Wi-Fi network icon. Under the name of the Wi-Fi network that you’re connected to, select Properties. Under Network profile, select Public or Private.

A virtual private network (VPN) gives you online privacy and anonymity by creating a private network from a public internet connection. Most important, VPN services establish secure and encrypted connections to provide greater privacy than even a secured Wi-Fi hotspot.

If you have multiple Windows devices, it’s possible that the setting is being roamed from another device. You might consider disabling setting sync to see if it is the culprit. Another workaround would be to update the firewall rules to allow remote desktop on Public networks.

My network is marked as public when it should be private.

1. Solution: Right-click the network icon in the task bar.
2. Click Change adapter settings.
3. Open File Explorer.
4. You will see an error about Network discovery.
5. Click OK.
6. Click it and select Turn on network discovery and file sharing.
7. Click No.
8. Now your network is private.

3- Change network type using Local Security Policy

1. Go to Run –> secpol.msc.
2. Select Network List Manager Policies.
3. Double click your desired network, go to Network Location tab.
4. Change the Network location type to either Not configured, private or public.

A GUI way of making this change:

1. Hit Winkey + R to open Run prompt and type gpedit.msc.
2. Navigate to: Computer Configuration/Windows Settings/Security Setting /Network List Manager Policies .
3. Choose your Network name in the right pane.
4. Go to Network Location tab and change the Location type from Public to Private.

When NLA starts to detect the network location, the machine will contact the domain controller via port 389. If this detection successful, it will get the domain firewall profile (allowing for correct ports) and we cannot change the network location profile.

You can quickly check whether your computer is part of a domain or not. Open the Control Panel, click the System and Security category, and click System. Look under “Computer name, domain and workgroup settings” here. If you see “Domain”: followed by the name of a domain, your computer is joined to a domain.

The Network Location Awareness service provider, commonly referred to as NLA, enables Windows Sockets 2 applications to identify the logical network to which a Windows computer is attached.

Logical Network Identity NLA first attempts to identify a logical network by its DNS domain name. If a logical network does not have a domain name, NLA identifies the network from custom static information stored in the registry, and finally from its subnet address.

Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties. Click the Hardware tab, and then click Device Manager. To see a list of installed network adapters, expand Network adapter(s).

Checking if the network adapter is working properly

1. Press the Windows key on your keyboard + X, then select Device Manager.
2. On the Device Manager window, click the drop-down arrow beside Network adapters then look for the name of your Linksys wireless adapter.

Right-click the wireless adapter and select Properties. Click the Driver tab to see the wireless adapter property sheet. The Wi-Fi driver version number is listed in the Driver Version field.

To check the version number of the driver, right-click on the wireless driver entry in Device Manager, choose ‘Network adapters’ and then click Properties. Select the ‘Driver’ tab and view details. If all looks well, it means you have installed the correct version of the driver. Finally, restart your Windows PC.

Install the driver by running the installer.

1. Open the Device Manager (You can do this by pressing the Windows but and typing it out)
2. Right click on your wireless adapter and choose Update Driver Software.
3. Choose the option to Browse and locate the drivers you downloaded. Windows will then install the drivers.

Locate Network Adapters in the Device Manager list. Click on the plus sign next to Network Adapters to expand a list of all networking devices on your computer. Your wireless card should be listed, and most likely a LAN adapter as well.