‘Social action is about people coming together to help improve their lives and solve the problems that are important in their communities It can broadly be defined as practical action in the service of others, which is (i) carried out by individuals or

Social action is about people coming together to help improve their lives and solve the problems that are important in their communities It can include volunteering, giving money, community action or simple neighbourly acts

Four major types of social action are distinguished in Weber’s sociology Men may engage in purposeful or goal oriented rational action (zweckrational); their rational action may be value-oriented (wertrational); they may act from emotional or affective motivations, or finally they may engage in traditional action

Characteristics of Social Action The significant characteristics of Weber’s ideas are following  Social action may be influenced by an action of past, present or future  Social action presupposes the existence of other individual and some action by him  Necessity of subjective meaning

Social action gets people moving It makes them feel strong, and makes them less likely to submit meekly to the rules and demands of those in power It gives people responsibility for their own lives and actions, and brings out their leadership potential

In sociology, social action, also known as Weberian social action, is an act which takes into account the actions and reactions of individuals (or ‘agents’) According to Max Weber, “Action is “social” insofar as its subjective meaning takes account of the behavior of others and is thereby oriented in its course”

1) Prevention of needs; 2) Solution of mass problems; 3) Improvement in mass conditions; 4) Influencing institutions, policies and practices; 5) Introduction of new mechanisms or programmes; 6) Redistribution of power and resources (human, Page Social Work Intervention with Communities and Institutions material

Social action involves collaboration, motivation, negotiation, mediation, persuasion, confrontation and conflict resolution in its process and, in order to show its dissent against the authority, may adhere to sit-ins, Pageer strike, protest march, boycott, slogan display, and other such strategies and

Richard Bryant

In social action, the necessary participants are only individuals and organizations that represent the particular population that is working to gain power For social planning to work well, both policymakers and all stakeholders should at least be invited to participate; the more are actually represented, the better

action groups, it may be added that a social action group is a group that is formed to take social action which is essentially non-violent, though it may be militant

Social action is the result or modification of some actions of some other individual but the modifying action may be occur in past, present or future For example; in case of present action, when a man provide any type of help to the poor man and is result the poor man wishing him well

The three phases of social planning discussed are socially aware planning, socially responsible planning and institutional change The dynamic interactions between the phases are presented to support the challenge to the community development practitioners to help improve the quality of life for all citizens

An organization or group of people engaged in social planning may perform activities such as providing support, research, and information to a wide range of community organizations A social planning body can provide leadership and facilitation in bringing together key people around a specific problem or issue

Social planning is underpinned by a hierarchy of principlesILAP is based on the following principles:

• Partnership
• Linkage across sectors
• Agreed key issues/shared vision
• Community participation
• Coordinated action
• Local government leadership
• Acknowledge diversity

The 4 Types of Plans

• Operational Planning “Operational plans are about how things need to happen,” motivational leadership speaker Mack Story said at LinkedIn
• Strategic Planning “Strategic plans are all about why things need to happen,” Story said
• Tactical Planning
• Contingency Planning

Basic Principles of Planning:

• Principle of Commitment:
• Principle of the Limiting Factor:
• Principle of Reflective Thinking:
• Principle of Flexibility:
• Principle of Contribution to Enterprise Objectives:
• Principle of Efficiency:
• Principle of Selection of Alternatives:
• Principle of Planning Premises:

The Elements Of Planning

• * Objectives Objectives are statements of future conditions, that a manager hopes to achieve
• * Actions Actions are the means, or specific activities, planned to achieve the objectives
• * Resources Resources are constraints on the course of action
• * Implementation

Stages in the Planning Cycle

1. Define objectives The first, and most crucial, step in the planning process is to determine what is to be accomplished during the planning period
2. Develop premises
3. Evaluate alternatives
4. Identify resources
5. Plan and implement tasks
6. Determine tracking and evaluation methods

Levels of planning

• Corporate level An organization’s overall strategic direction is normally planned at the corporate level
• Business level
• Functional level
• Marketing planning
• Strategic planning
• Environmental planning
• Operations planning
• Proactive planning

The four phases of strategic management are formulation, implementation, evaluation and modificatio

Types of Economic Planning

• Planning by Inducements
• Merits of Planning by Inducements:
• Demerits of Planning by Inducements:
• Planning by Directions
• Demerits of Planning by Directions:
• Physical and Financial Planning
• Centralised Planning and Decentralised Planning
• Structural and Functional Planning

There are three broad categories of management styles: Autocratic, democratic and laissez-fair

Most organizations, however, still have four basic levels of management: top, middle, first line, and team leaders

• Top-Level Managers As you would expect, top-level managers (or top managers) are the “bosses” of the organization
• Middle Managers
• First-Line Managers
• Team Leaders