Liquid media are films of polymers deposited on the SPME fiber while solid extraction media are comprised of coatings of solids that are either precipitated onto the fiber, vapor deposited, or mixed with a polymeric support.

Filters. The definition of work of art is something that is considered to have aesthetic value, something that is beautiful, intriguing, interesting, creative or extremely well done. An example of a work of art is a painting by Monet. An example of a work of art is a beautifully made piece of furniture. adjective.

The only difference between broth and agar media is that broths do not contain an agar component. We use broth tubes primarily for specific assays, or (rarely) for bacteria that will not form colonies on a solid surface. Unlike preparation of agar plates, tubes are prepared with media already in the incubation vessel.

ROUTINE LABORATORY MEDIA Basal media are those that may be used for growth (culture) of bacteria that do not need enrichment of the media. Examples: Nutrient broth, nutrient agar and peptone water. Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae grow in these media. media are blood agar and Lowenstein-Jensen media.

Minimal media – Media that contains the minimum nutrients possible for colony growth, generally without the presence of amino acids, and are often used by microbiologists and geneticists to grow “wild type” microorganisms. These media can also be used to select for or against the growth of specific microbes.

The basic requirements for culture media are:

• Energy source.
• Carbon source.
• Nitrogen source.
• Salts.
• Optimum pH.
• Adequate oxidation-reduction potential.
• Growth factors.

Media is the communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data. The term refers to components of the mass media communications industry, such as print media, publishing, the news media, photography, cinema, broadcasting (radio and television), digital media, and advertising.

Peptone is a mixture of proteins and amino acids that is obtained by breaking down natural products such as animal tissues, milk and plants. The function of peptone in nutrient agar is to provide a protein source so that micro-organisms can grow.

Culture media is of fundamental importance for most microbiological tests: to obtain pure cultures, to grow and count microbial cells, and to cultivate and select microorganisms. Without high-quality media, the possibility of achieving accurate, reproducible, and repeatable microbiological test results is reduced [1].

When microbiological media has been made, it still has to be sterilized because of microbial contamination from air, glassware, hands, etc. Within a few hours there will be thousands of bacteria reproducing in the media so it has to be sterilized quickly before the microbes start using the nutrients up.

Although sterilization of culture media is best carried out in a steam autoclave at temperatures between 121-134°C it has to be recognised that damage is caused to the medium by the heating process.

Temperature. The standard temperature for an autoclave is 121 degrees Celsius. The reason for this is that simply bringing something up to the temperature of boiling water, 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), is not sufficient to sterilize it because bacterial spores can survive this temperature.

Autoclaves are used in laboratories to sterilize equipment, instruments, and infectious waste. No one who has not received training in autoclave procedure or is not working under the supervision of an experienced autoclave worker should attempt to operate the autoclave.

The two basic types of steam sterilizers (autoclaves) are the gravity displacement autoclave and the high-speed prevacuum sterilizer.

The autoclave works on the principle of moist heat sterilization where steam under pressure is used to sterilize the material present inside the chamber. The high pressure increases the boiling point of water and thus helps achieve a higher temperature for sterilization.

Proper autoclave treatment will inactivate all resistant bacterial spores in addition to fungi, bacteria, and viruses, but is not expected to eliminate all prions, which vary in their resistance.

Three primary methods of medical sterilization occur from high temperature/pressure and chemical processes.

• Plasma Gas Sterilizers.
• Autoclaves.
• Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Sterilizers.

Autoclave sterilization works by using heat to kill microorganisms such as bacteria and spores. The heat is delivered by pressurized steam. It’s nontoxic and inexpensive, it kills microbes and spores rapidly, and it quickly heats and penetrates fabrics.

Classical sterilization techniques using saturated steam under pressure or hot air are the most reliable and should be used whenever possible. Other sterilization methods include filtration, ionizing radiation (gamma and electron-beam radiation), and gas (ethylene oxide, formaldehyde).

Wet Heat (Autoclaving) This is a very effective method that kills all microbes, spores, and viruses, although, for some specific bugs, especially high temperatures or incubation times are required.

Sterilization can be achieved by a combination of heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure and filtration like steam under pressure, dry heat, ultraviolet radiation, gas vapor sterilants, chlorine dioxide gas etc.

Common methods of sterilization include physical methods and chemical methods. Physical methods include dry heat, steam, radiation, and plasmas. Radiation encompasses a variety of types, including gamma radiation, electron beam, X-ray, ultraviolet, microwave, and white (broad spectrum) light.