Introspective reports are used as sources of information about other minds, in both everyday life. and science. Many scientists and philosophers consider this practice unjustified, while others. have made the untestable assumption that introspection is a truthful method of private. observation.

Introspection

Introspection, as the term is used in contemporary philosophy of mind, is a means of learning about one’s own currently ongoing, or perhaps very recently past, mental states or processes.

Introspection. to access ones own mental states or processes. Beliefs, desires, decisions, emotional states. Introspective transparency. unlimited access to ones own mental states and processes.

Behaviourists criticise introspection, it’s not possible to directly observe someone’s thoughts & feelings, it’s unscientific & subjective. Lack of reliability e.g. p’s don’t have same thoughts every time. Wundt couldn’t establish general theory’s.

Introspection generally provides a privileged access to one’s own mental states, not mediated by other sources of knowledge, so that individual experience of the mind is unique. Introspection can determine any number of mental states including: sensory, bodily, cognitive, emotional and so forth.

in retrospect, in looking back on past events; upon reflection: It was, in retrospect, the happiest day of her life.

In this page you can discover 14 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for retrospective, like: remembrance, recollective, reflective, historical, thoughtful, backward, backward-looking, prospective, pensive, retroactive and review.

The definition of a retrospect is a review, looking back on something that has happened in the past. An example of a retrospect is when you look back on a decision you made and, knowing the outcome, realize you should have made a different choice. noun.

recollect

The Oxford Dictionary of Law defines retrospective or retroactive legislation as “legislation that operates on matters taking place before its enactment, e.g. by penalising conduct that was lawful when it occurred.

(‘retrospective law-making is unjust because it ‘disappoints the justified expectations of those who, in acting, having relied on the assumption that the legal consequences of their acts will be determined by the known state of the law established at the time of their acts’).

In Simple Terms, the retrospective effect is when a law that retroactively makes criminal an act that was not criminal at the time it was done. And A law is said to be prospective (as opposed to retrospective) when it is applicable only to cases that shall arise after its enactment.

Ordinarily, a legislature has power to make prospective laws, but Art. It prohibits the legislature to make retrospective criminal laws however it does not prohibit a civil liability retrospectively i.e. with effect from a past date.

if a law, decision, etc. is retrospective, it has effect from a date in the past before it was approved: The new law will not be retrospective.

Retrospective operation of law implies to the application of law to facts or actions which existed prior to the enactment of the said law. Such laws change or alter the legal consequences of acts which took place prior to its enactment.

Retrospective tax is nothing but a combination of two words “retrospective” and “tax” where “retrospective” means taking effect from a date in the past and “tax” refers to a new or additional levy of tax on a specified transaction.

Unimpressed by the ruling, the Indian government amended the Income Tax, 1961, retrospectively, to overturn the judgment of the Supreme Court. The amendment allowed tax authorities to retrospectively tax transactions, including Vodafone’s stake in Hutchison.

Retrospective tax legislation imposes or increases a tax charge prior to the legislation being introduced. Although this is a controversial practice, retrospective provisions are often introduced to mitigate the risks to the Exchequer from tax avoidance.

A retroactive statute operates as of a time prior to its enactment. It therefore operates backwards in that it changes the law from what it was. A retrospective statute operates for the future only. It is prospective, but imposes new results in respect of a past event.

A retroactive date is the date from which you have held uninterrupted professional indemnity insurance cover (even if you changed insurer during this time) or a date in the past from which your insurer has agreed to cover you. Any claims that arise from events prior to this date is not covered by your insurance.