(b) The gyroscopic couple will act over the vehicle outwards i.e. in the anticlockwise direction when seen from the front of the vehicle. The tendency of this couple is to overturn the vehicle in outward direction.

Eratosthenes then measured the angle of a shadow cast by a stick at noon on the summer solstice in Alexandria, and found it made an angle of about 7.2 degrees, or about 1/50 of a complete circle. Eratosthenes then used this to calculate the circumference of the Earth to be about 250,000 stadia.

If you like, you can calculate the Earth’s circumference yourself. The formula for calculating the circumference of a sphere is 2 x pi x radius. So, the radius of the Earth is 6371 km. Plug that into the formula, and you get 2 x 3.1415 x 6378.1 = 40,074.

What are some consequences of precession? 1) it changes which constellation the Sun is in on the equinoxes and solstices. 2) it can slowly alter the Earth’s climate.

The cycle of apsidal precession spans about 112,000 years. Apsidal precession changes the orientation of Earth’s orbit relative to the elliptical plane. The combined effects of axial and apsidal precession result in an overall precession cycle spanning about 23,000 years on average.

Gyroscopic motion is the tendency of a rotating object to maintain the orientation of its rotation. A rotating object possesses angular momentum and this momentum must be conserved. The object will resist any change in its axis of rotation, as a change in orientation will result in a change in angular momentum.

In aircraft instruments, gyros are used in attitude, compass and turn coordinators. These instruments contain a wheel or rotor rotating at a high RPM which gives it two important properties: rigidity and precession.

The most common instruments containing gyroscopes are the turn coordinator, heading indicator, and the attitude indicator.

It can spin about an axis in any direction. When the wheel is rotating, the gyroscope has two special properties: rigidity and precession. Rigidity is the ability of the gyroscope to maintain its axis pointing in a fixed direction in space, unless subjected to an external force (also known as gyroscopic inertia).

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Gyroscope in PUBG helps the mobile players with lateral and up-down movement without using the thumb or fingers to move the player on the screen manually. So, the game uses the gyroscope sensor, which optimizes screen orientation with the mobile’s physical movement.

Accelerometers in mobile phones are used to detect the orientation of the phone. The gyroscope, or gyro for short, adds an additional dimension to the information supplied by the accelerometer by tracking rotation or twist. Accelerometers are also used to provide ‘steps’ information for a vendors ‘health’ application.

Best Smartphones with a Gyroscope Sensor

• iPhone 8.
• Samsung Galaxy 8.
• LG V20.
• Sony Experia XZ.
• Google Pixel.
• OnePlus 5T.
• Huawei Honor 8.
• Moto G4.

The most common instruments containing gyroscopes are the turn coordinator, heading indicator, and the attitude indicator. To understand how these instruments operate requires knowledge of the instrument power systems, gyroscopic principles, and the operating principles of each instrument.

The answer is that it senses gravity. In physics, we often use this term “acceleration due to gravity” when we talk about gravitational forces. That’s because gravity is measured in acceleration. On our phones, usually, an IMU with a 3-axis accelerometer is used to sense the direction on which the gravity is acting on.

Compass functionality in phones and tablets is enabled by something a bit more sophisticated – a sensor called a magnetometer, which is used to measure the strength and direction of magnetic fields. By analyzing Earth’s magnetic field, the sensor allows a phone to determine its orientation pretty accurately.

The accelerometer measures acceleration:

1. Positive values indicate an increase in velocity.
2. Negative values indicate an decrease in velocity.
3. Zero values indicate constant velocity (which might not be zero).