Generalization is a bottom-up approach in which multiple lower-level entities are combined to form a single higher-level entity. Generalization is usually used to find common attributes among entities to form a generalized entity. It can also be thought of as the opposite of specialization.

The fundamental difference between generalization and specialization is that Generalization is a bottom-up approach. However, specialization is a top-down approach. Generalization is always applied to the group of entities whereas, specialization is always applied on a single entity.

Specialization and generalization are main principles of database modeling. Specialization is based on a refinement of types or classes to more specific ones. Generalization maps or groups types or classes to more abstract or combined ones.

The process of extracting common characteristics from two or more classes and combining them into a generalized superclass is called Generalization. Specialization is the reverse process of Generalization means creating new subclasses from an existing class. …

Generalization, in psychology, the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli. For example, a child who is scared by a man with a beard may fail to discriminate between bearded men and generalize that all men with beards are to be feared.

In UML modeling, a generalization relationship is a relationship in which one model element (the child) is based on another model element (the parent). For example, a generalization relationship can be used between actors or between use cases; however, it cannot be used between an actor and a use case.

On the UML Diagram the Generalization association represents as the line with empty triangle that connects superclass and subclass. Near the Generalization association line can be write in { } any additional properties of this association that display as the constraints.

A generalization set is a packageable element whose instances define collections of subsets of generalization relationships. Each generalization set defines a particular set of generalization relationships that describe the way which a general classifier may be divided using specific subtypes.

In contrast to generalization, specialization means creating new subclasses from an existing class. If it turns out that certain attributes, associations, or methods only apply to some of the objects of the class, a subclass can be created.

1 : the act or process of generalizing. 2 : a general statement, law, principle, or proposition made broad generalizations about women. 3 : the act or process whereby a learned response is made to a stimulus similar to but not identical with the conditioned stimulus.

In specialization, an entity is divided into sub-entities based on their characteristics. It is a top-down approach where higher level entity is specialized into two or more lower level entities.

A generalization hierarchy (also called is-a hierarchy) connects a superclass and one or more subclasses, representing a specialization of the superclass. Each subclass inherits the features (attributes, operations, and associations) defined in the superclass and may add locally defined features.

Specialization is a process in which an entity is divided into sub-entities. You can think of it as a reverse process of generalization, in generalization two entities combine together to form a new higher level entity. Specialization is a top-down process.

Specialization is a process of taking a subset of a higher level entity set to form a lower-level entity set. Generalization process starts with the number of entity sets and it creates high-level entity with the help of some common features. In Specialization, a higher entity is split to form lower entities.

Specialization is a process of identifying subsets of an entity that shares different characteristics. It breaks an entity into multiple entities from higher level (super class) to lower level (sub class).

Specialization is defined as the process of subclassing a superclass entity on the basis of some distinguishing characteristic of the entity in the superclass. The reason for creating such hierarchical relationship is that: Certain attributes of the superclass may apply to some but not all entities of the superclass.

Generalization may be defined as the technique of extracting the essential characteristics (these include attributes, properties and methods) from two or more subclasses and then combining them inside a generalized base class (also called a superclass).

Polymorphism means “many forms”, and it occurs when we have many classes that are related to each other by inheritance. Polymorphism uses those methods to perform different tasks. This allows us to perform a single action in different ways.

The word polymorphism means having many forms. Real life example of polymorphism: A person at the same time can have different characteristic. Like a man at the same time is a father, a husband, an employee. So the same person posses different behavior in different situations. This is called polymorphism.

Method overloading is an example of static polymorphism, while method overriding is an example of dynamic polymorphism. An important example of polymorphism is how a parent class refers to a child class object. In fact, any object that satisfies more than one IS-A relationship is polymorphic in nature.

In Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS) language, there are two types of polymorphism as below:

• Static Binding (or Compile time) Polymorphism, e.g., Method Overloading.
• Dynamic Binding (or Runtime) Polymorphism, e.g., Method overriding.

In this page you can discover 30 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for polymorphism, like: diverseness, diversification, diversity, heterogeneity, heterogeneousness, miscellaneousness, multifariousness, multiformity, multiplicity, variegation and variety.

Dynamic polymorphism is a process or mechanism in which a call to an overridden method is to resolve at runtime rather than compile-time. It is also known as runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch. We can achieve dynamic polymorphism by using the method overriding.

However, Python isn’t an OOP language through-and-through since it does not allow strong encapsulation. This is because its creator Guido van Rossum aimed to keep things simple and that meant not hiding data in the strictest sense of the term. Apart from this, Python supports all the basic features of OOP language.

Most frequently used methods include:

• Observation / Participant Observation.
• Surveys.
• Interviews.
• Focus Groups.
• Experiments.
• Secondary Data Analysis / Archival Study.
• Mixed Methods (combination of some of the above)

Single Responsibility Principle