The general formula for the alcohols is C nH 2n+1OH (where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule).

C6H14

Alkanes have the general formula of CnH2n+2 where n is the number of carbon atoms.

Terms in this set (10)

• CH4. methane.
• C2H6. ethane.
• C3H8. propane.
• C4H10. butane.
• C5H12. pentane.
• C6H14. hexane.
• C7H16. heptane.
• C8H18. octane.

Terms in this set (20)

• Methane. Ch4.
• Ethane. C2H6 (CH3CH3)
• Propane. C3H8 (CH3CH2CH3)
• Butane. C4H10 (CH3(CH2)2CH3)
• Pentane. C5H12 (CH3(CH2)3CH3)
• Hexane. C6H14 (CH3(CH2)4CH3)
• Heptane. C7H16 (CH3(CH2)5CH3)
• Octane. C8H18 (CH3(CH2)6CH3)

Three types

List of straight-chain alkanes

Formula of alkane is CnH2n+2. Methane, propane, ethane, and butane are four alkanes.

The names of all alkanes end with -ane. Alkanes with unbranched carbon chains are simply named by the number of carbons in the chain. The first four members of the series (in terms of number of carbon atoms) are named as follows: CH4 = methane = one hydrogen-saturated carbon.

Paraffin is a truncation of Latin ‘parum affinum’ meaning ‘less affinity’ i.e. ‘less reactivity’. Alkanes have only single bonds which are sigma covalent. Hence, alkanes are called paraffins because they have lesser affinity towards general reagents. In other words they are inert, not readily active.

Paraffins, also known as alkanes, are saturated compounds that have the general formula CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms. The simplest alkane is methane (CH4), which is also represented as C1. Normal paraffins (n-paraffins or n-alkanes) are unbranched straight-chain molecules.

Collectively, they are called unsaturated hydrocarbons because they have fewer hydrogen atoms than does an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms, as is indicated in the following general formulas: Some representative alkenes—their names, structures, and physical properties—are given in Table 13.1. 1. Table 13.1.

Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C2H2, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature.

Simple alkynes are named by the same rules that are used for alkenes (see Section 7.3), except that the ending is -yne instead of -ene….Introduction.

Alkynes are nonpolar, unsaturated hydrocarbons with physical properties similar to alkanes and alkenes. Alkynes dissolve in organic solvents, have slight solubility in polar solvents, and are insoluble in water. Compared to alkanes and alkenes, alkynes have slightly higher boiling points.

Physical Properties of Alkenes Alkenes are non-polar, and they are both immiscible in water and less dense than water. They are generally soluble in organic solvents. In addition, they do not conduct electricity.

Alkanes do not conduct electricity in any way, nor are they substantially polarized by an electric field. For this reason, they do not form hydrogen bonds and are insoluble in polar solvents such as water.

Alkanes are non-polar solvents. Since only C and H atoms are present, alkanes are nonpolar. Alkanes are immiscible in water but freely miscible in other non-polar solvents. Alkanes consisting of weak dipole dipole bonds can not break the strong hydrogen bond between water molecules hence it is not miscible in water.

The following is a list of the first 10 alkenes:

• Ethene (C2H4)
• Propene (C3H6)
• Butene (C4H8)
• Pentene (C5H10)
• Hexene (C6H12)
• Heptene (C7H14)
• Octene (C8H16)
• Nonene (C9H18)

Locate the double bond by the number of its first carbon. In this compound, the double bond begins at carbon #1, so the full name becomes: 1-butene. Note the INcorrect numbering in the second structure. There is no such compound as 3-butene.

Methene is not possible as alkenes require a carbon-carbon double bond and methane only has one carbon atom.

C3H6

UNSATURATED hydrocarbons contain either double or triple bonds. Since the compound is unsaturated with respect to hydrogen atoms, the extra electrons are shared between 2 carbon atoms forming double bonds in alkenes. Alkenes are also called OLEFINS because they form oily liquids on reaction with chlorine gas.

The alkenes comprise a series of compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms with at least one double bond in the carbon chain. This group of compounds comprises a homologous series with a general molecular formula of C n H 2 n , where n equals any integer greater than one.