In escape behavior the occurrence of the behavior terminates the aversive stimulus. In avoidance behavior, the occurrence of the behavior prevents the presentation of an aversive stimulus. In other words, the dog avoids the aversive stimulus by doing another behavior.

The Consensus Model or Systems Perspective of criminal justice argues that the organizations of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work cooperatively to produce justice, as opposed to competitively. A criminal justice model in which the majority of citizens in a society share the same values and beliefs.

Criminology Theories

• Biological Theories of Crime.
• Criminal Justice Theories.
• Cultural Transmission Theory.
• Deterrence and Rational Choice Theory.
• Labeling Theory and Symbolic Interaction Theory.
• Psychological Theories of Crime.
• Routine Activities Theory.
• Self-Control Theory.

To extinguish avoidance behavior, it is necessary both that the aversive event no longer occur and that the avoidance response not occur for an interval somewhat longer than the customary avoidance interval.

Therefore, avoidance conditioning is highly resistant to extinction. You can get extinction if you restrain the animal after the light comes on, but it will struggle and show emotional arousal.

difference: in punishment, aversive stimuli is presented after the response. In escape conditioning, the stimuli is present BEFORE the response occurs. the avoidance response is strengthened because it eliminates a warning stimulus.

Avoidance behaviors are any actions a person takes to escape from difficult thoughts and feelings. These behaviors can occur in many different ways and may include actions that a person does or does not do.

Avoidance conditioning occurs where a subject learns behaviour preventing the occurence of an aversive stimulus. This has been extensively studied as an operant conditioning procedure. It should be compared with escape conditioning in which behavior is learnt to terminate the noxious stimuli.

Escape theory refers to the tendency for people to engage in behaviors to avoid an unpleasant psychological reaction. Escape from the self may help a person temporarily avoid a negative psychological reaction, but the behaviors that follow from a motivation to escape from the self are frequently undesirable.

The difference between escape and avoidance is that in escape, one experiences the aversive stimulus before the response results in its removal; in avoidance, one makes the response and prevents the aversive stimulus from being experienced.

The function of escape entails prior learning history. That means the child has learned one way or another that certain behaviors get them the result that they want. Think of a child hitting his dad every time he takes his coloring book away until he gets the book back.

approach to behaviour