Metal Oxide film resistors have a better voltage coefficient and temperature coefficient than carbon film resistors. As a matter of fact, metal oxide film resistors work in a wide resistance range and can withstand a higher temperature than the carbon film resistors.

Fixed resistors are available in axial leaded and surface mount packages as well as more customized packages depending on their application. While axial leaded resistors used to be the most used resistors, nowadays the advantages of surface mount devices make the SMD resistors the most popular.

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

Those resistors, which values change with the applied voltage and temperature, are called linear resistors. In other words, a resistor, which current value is directly proportional to the applied voltage is known as linear resistors. Generally, there are two types of resistors which have linear properties.

The color code for the four bands 100 Ohm resistor is brown, black, brown, gold. 4-band 100 ohm resistor color code is calculated as: 1st-band= Brown= 1 (1st digit) 2nd-band= Black= 0 (2nd digit)

The general rule is always use a capacitor with a higher working voltage than the circuit it is used in. This is of particular importance in power supply circuits with high value electrolytic capacitors. The working voltage should always exceed the peak working voltage of the circuit by a minimum of 20%.

In most cases, different physical size does not matter. In some circumstance, you’ll need to up the voltage to get the lead spacing and/or the case diameter the same like replacing main cap in Pioneer sx-1250.

For 3 digit’s capacitor code, the first two digits are the capacitance value in pF and the third digit is a multiplier factor of first two digits to calculate the final capacitance value of the capacitor. The 3rd digit ranges between 0-6. It can’t exceed more than 6. If 3rd digit is 0, it means multiplier factor of 1.

Generally speaking there is no problem using capacitors of a higher voltage rating. Higher voltage capacitors will generally give longer life. If getting old stock capacitors on ebay you better get higher voltage caps in order for them to survive without going through the process of reforming.

Yes. Just don’t go below 25v. The 4.7uF is an “exact” value, whereas the 25v is a maximum rating. Probably yes: Ideally you should replace the capacitor with one of the same nominal capacitance and an equal or greater maximum voltage rating.

The voltage on a capacitor is not the rating, but rather how much voltage you can expose the capacitor to. For example, if your voltage source is 9 volts, you should choose a capacitor that is at least double the voltage, 18 volts or even 27 volts to be safe.