The tiniest particle of matter is known as an atom. There are in turn three subatomic particles namely: protons, electrons, and neutrons. Among these subatomic particles, protons and neutrons are the charged particles of an atom. While protons are positively charged, neutrons are negatively charged particles.

Electron: A negatively charged particle found circling or orbiting an atomic nucleus. An electron, like a proton is a charged particle, although opposite in sign, but unlike a proton, an electron has negligible atomic mass. Electrons contribute no atomic mass units to the total atomic weight of an atom.

In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. It may be an ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons. It can also be an electron or a proton, or another elementary particle, which are all believed to have the same charge (except antimatter).

Atoms consist of sub-atomic particles: protons, electrons and neutrons. Some atoms contain more and some less. These atoms that contain an abnormal number of neutrons are called isotopes. Thus, an isotope will have the same atomic number as all other copies of the atom, but a different mass number.

Thus, an atom can be positive, negative, or neutral. The charged particle is negative when it gains electron from another atom. It is positively charged if it loses electron from it. Applications of charged particles are subjected to control their motion and energy through electric field and magnetic field.

In contrast to the attractive force between two objects with opposite charges, two objects that are of like charge will repel each other. That is, a positively charged object will exert a repulsive force upon a second positively charged object. Objects with like charge repel each other.

A force that causes motion in those other interacting objects. A field is a way to explain how forces can be applied without physical touch. A charge is pulling in something else with an electric force without touching it – the “stuff” that connects the charge with its force through empty space is the electric field.

Based on the convention concerning line density, one would reason that the electric field is greatest at locations closest to the surface of the charge and least at locations further from the surface of the charge.

The electric force increases because the amount of charge has a direct relationship to the force. Which change increases the electric force between objects? Electrons are added to two negatively charged objects.

The value of the electric field has dimensions of force per unit charge. In the metre-kilogram-second and SI systems, the appropriate units are newtons per coulomb, equivalent to volts per metre.

The SI unit of electric field strength is newtons per coulomb (N/C) or volts per meter (V/m). The force experienced by a very small test charge q placed in a field E in a vacuum is given by E = F/q, where F is the force experienced.