Cementum is slightly softer than dentin and consists of about 45% to 50% inorganic material (hydroxylapatite) by weight and 50% to 55% organic matter and water by weight. The organic portion is composed primarily of collagen and proteoglycans.

There are two types of cementum: acellular and cellular. Both consist of a calcified interfibrillar matrix and collagen fibrils. The cellular type contains cementocytes in individual spaces (lacunae) that allow for communication with each other through a system of canaliculi. There are two types of collagen fibers.

ABNORMALITIES OF CEMENTUM Cemental Hyperplasia or Hypercementosis –  Refers to abnormal thickening of cementum.  It is largely an age related phenomenon  It can be – Localized to one tooth Generalized- affect the entire dentition.

Primary cementum is laid down directly on the root surface. It consists of acellular extrinsic-fiber cementum, in which the fibers are radially oriented, closely packed, and not well separated (Fig. 2.13).

Listen to pronunciation. (JIN-jih-vuh) The tissue of the upper and lower jaws that surrounds the base of the teeth. Also called gums.

Healthy gingiva is described as ‘salmon’ or ‘coral pink’. It may be pigmented, which reflects the ethnic origin of the subject. The gingiva is firm in consistency and firmly attached to the underlying alveolar bone. The surface of gingiva is keratinised and may exhibit an orange peel appearance, called ‘stippling’.

The vestibule – the space between the soft tissue (lips and cheeks), and the teeth and gums. The vestibule is kept moist by secretions from the parotid salivary glands, which are located in front of the ears and behind the angle of the jaw. Mouth cavity – the mouth cavity is bounded by several structures.

Historically, the presence of a wide zone of attached gingiva has been considered beneficial, as the gingiva plays an important role in maintaining the periodontium in health. It provides a physical barrier to oral biofilm, dissipates masticatory forces and protects the periodontium from injury.

The gingiva (or gums) is the tissue that surrounds and protects the teeth and underlying bone. The gingiva is attached to the tooth, forming a seal that protects the underlying bone and helps provide a barrier against infection.

Width of keratinized gingiva was measured as the distance from the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. Sulcus depth was measured as the distance from the gingival margin to base of the sulcus.

What color is the human gingiva? It is frequently described as “coral pink” and is dependent upon the thickness of epithelium, the degree of keratinization, the magnitude of pigmentation, and the underlying vascularization1.

Healthy gums should look pink and firm, not red and swollen. To keep gums healthy, practice good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, floss at least once a day, rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash once or twice a day, see your dentist regularly, and avoid smoking or chewing tobacco.

Grey Gums. If you have gums that appear grey or have a grey-colored film on the surface, you may have a weakened immune system. This weakened immune system is directly the result of bacterial growth, but the roots of the bacterial growth can differ. Grey gums are often associated with smoking.

Coconut oil contains anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties which can prevent bleeding of gums and also eliminate bad breath. Also, it helps in getting pink gums naturally. So, in order to get healthy gums naturally at home, take some coconut oil and gargle with it twice in a day.

Unhealthy Gums. If you have healthy gums, they will look firm and pink. Some signs of unhealthy gums include redness and swelling, gums that bleed when you brush or floss your teeth, and gums that appear to be pulling away from the teeth.

5 Warning Signs of Gum Disease That You Should Look Out For

• Bleeding Gums. Your gums should not bleed when you eat hard foods, brush, or floss.
• Receding Gums. Have you noticed your teeth are starting to look longer when you smile?
• Persistent Bad Breath. Bad breath, or halitosis, is another sign of gum disease.
• Tender or Swollen Gums.
• Tooth Sensitivity.

Your dentist may need to perform scaling and root planing to remove the bacterial products, smooth the root surfaces, ensure proper healing and reduce the risk of further buildup of bacteria or tartar.

Once the gums have receded, they cannot grow back. However, some treatments can reattach and restore gum tissue around the teeth. Maintaining good oral hygiene and attending regular dental checkups can help prevent, slow, or stop gum recession.

The process of rinsing can remove some of the food or other particles on the teeth and gums. Helps with Healing – Saltwater can help heal the damage caused by gum disease. Reduces Inflammation – The warm salt water rinse is an effective way to reduce the inflammation and swelling associated with gum disease.

Mouthwash can be used to control bad breath and reduce cavities. It can also help to combat conditions such as receding gums, gingivitis, dry mouth, and plaque buildup. Mouthwash should be used in addition to brushing and flossing. It’s important to use a mouthwash that has the ADA Seal of Acceptance.

Q: How can I make my gums healthier?

1. Use an electric toothbrush.
2. Brush your teeth correctly, at least twice a day.
3. Use a toothbrush with a tongue scraper.
4. Floss daily.
5. Massage your gums, the Oral-B iO electric toothbrush comes equipped with a gum care mode that gently stimulates your gum line as you brush.

To use hydrogen peroxide as a natural remedy for receding gums:

1. Combine 1/4 cup of 3 percent hydrogen peroxide with 1/4 cup of water.
2. Swish the mixture around your mouth for about 30 seconds.
3. Spit the rinse out — don’t swallow it.
4. Repeat this two to three times a week.

Coffee consumption and dry mouth Individuals who drink a lot of coffee also suffer from dry mouth. Their teeth and gums remain more vulnerable to germs as the saliva flow gets negatively impacted due to caffeine. Foods that offer health benefits can often have the potential to impact oral health negatively.