Karl Marx saw capitalism as a progressive historical stage that would eventually stagnate due to internal contradictions and be followed by socialism They believe that private ownership of the means of production enriches capitalists (owners of capital) at the expense of workers

Both were “Fathers” of sociology, and wrote mainly in the late nineteenth century Both called for applying the scientific method to the study of society, and both wanted sociologists to be objective (although they had different ideas about objectivity) Both contributed to the sociological perspective

According to Weber, a modern capitalism is an inescapable consequence of Europe’s historical development and there is no way back to the patriarchal structures and values Weber’s analysis focuses on the combination of political, economic and religious structures, which were shaping the Western capitalism

Max Weber Pronunciation

1. American English – /mæks ˈwɛbər/
2. British English – /mæks ˈwɛbə/

ADVERTISEMENTS: Four major types of social action are distinguished in Weber’s sociologyTypes of Social Action According to Max Weber

• Rational-purposeful Action:
• Value-rational Action:
• Affective Action:
• Traditional Action:

Max Weber ( was one of the founding fathers of Sociology Weber saw both structural and action approaches as necessary to developing a full understanding of society and social change

Although the vices of bureaucracy are evident (and are discussed in the next section), this form of organization is not totally bad Bureaucracy also discourages favoritism, meaning that in a well‐run organization, friendships and political clout should have no effect on access to funding

A bureaucracy typically refers to an organization that is complex with multilayered systems and processes These systems and procedures are designed to maintain uniformity and control within an organization A bureaucracy describes the established methods in large organizations or governments

Hierarchy of Authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality Some people say that companies like General Motors, Amazon, and Facebook are bureaucracies First of all they all have a hierarchy of authority Meaning they have different levels of employees that work there

These three points function separately but equally to increase efficiency, making Walmart an example of a true bureaucracy within corporate America This screenshot taken from Walmart’s corporate website shows the limitations imposed on employees by the company pertaining to social interaction

Adhocracy is the opposite of bureaucracy, relying on self-organization and individual initiative to complete tasks Bureaucracy, meanwhile, relies on defined rules and hierarchy to meet goals

(əfɪʃəldəm ) uncountable noun Officialdom is used to refer to officials who work for the government or in other organizations, especially when you think that their rules are unhelpful