Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad-tipped instrument, brush, or other writing instrument.

The development of sophisticated calligraphy as an art form is not unique to Islamic culture. The Arabic language, and subsequently the art of calligraphy, is held in great esteem by Muslims because Arabic was the language in which the Qu’ran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century.

Islamic philosophy is a generic term that can be defined and used in different ways. In its broadest sense it means the world view of Islam, as derived from the Islamic texts concerning the creation of the universe and the will of the Creator.

Quills were used as instruments for writing with ink before the metal dip pen, the fountain pen, and eventually the ballpoint pen came into use. Quill pens were used in medieval times to write on parchment or paper. The quill eventually replaced the reed pen.

A nib is the part of a quill, dip pen, fountain pen, ball point or stylus which comes into contact with the writing surface in order to deposit ink. Different types of nibs vary in their purpose, shape and size, as well as the material from which they are made.

Calligraphy Pens : Specialty Pens : Target.

Explore the art of hand lettering without the mess of dip pens with this convenient Calligraphy Pen & Accessories. This set contains fountain pen products that are ideal for allowing budding calligraphers to experience a range of high-quality nibs and inks, whilst practicing the art of beautiful writing.

Elegant Writer Calligraphy Pen Set, 6-Colors, Fine-Point – Walmart.com – Walmart.com.

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Cacao nibs, also known as cocoa nibs, are crumbled bits of dried cacao beans, which grow on the cacao tree. Cacao nib producers dry and crack the beans into small pieces. Cacao nibs are part of the same bean used in chocolate candy production. Cacao beans are native to the upper African Amazon region.

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Cacao nibs are a highly nutritious chocolate product made from crushed cocoa beans. They’re exceptionally rich in antioxidants that help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Cocoa products like cacao nibs have been linked to reduced heart disease and diabetes risk, as well as other health benefits.

Chocolate is toxic because it contains a chemical called theobromine, as well as caffeine. Theobromine is the predominant toxin in chocolate and is very similar to caffeine. Both chemicals are also used medicinally as a diuretic, heart stimulant, blood vessel dilator, and a smooth muscle relaxant.

Dog owners often ask how much chocolate can kill a dog. While there is no right or wrong answer to this, we know dogs show symptoms of poisoning when they eat 20mg of theobromine (the toxic chemical in chocolate) for every kilogram they weigh. These symptoms become severe at 40 to 50mg per kg.

Theobromine is found in chocolate, tea and cocoa products (Graham, 1984a; Shively & Tarka, 1984; Stavric, 1988).

And because of the effects on the cardiovascular system, which include a drop in blood pressure and increased heart rate, too much theobromine can be fatal. For humans, theobromine is considered toxic at a dose of 1,000 milligrams of theobromine per kilogram of body weight.

Can you consume so much coffee, alcohol or chocolate that it would literally kill you? The answer is yes. According to the video above, 70 cups of coffee, 13 consecutive shots of alcohol or 85 full-size chocolate bars at once are all enough to send an average person to his grave.

Theobromine, which increases heart rate and causes sleeplessness, is found in small amounts in chocolate, especially dark. The National Sleep Foundation recommends avoiding chocolate — as well as coffee, tea and soft drinks — before bedtime.

In general, the darker the chocolate, the more theobromine and caffeine it contains. Theobromine and caffeine act as stimulants in your dog, which can cause restlessness and an increased heart rate. If too much is ingested, tremors, seizures, lack of muscle control, collapse, coma and even death can follow.