The term data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data. A good database will enforce data integrity whenever possible. For example, a user could accidentally try to enter a phone number into a date field. If the system enforces data integrity, it will prevent the user from making these mistakes.

Confidentiality is one of the core concepts of cybersecurity. Simply put, confidentiality ensures that secret information is protected from unauthorized disclosure. Many of these controls are designed to prevent breaches from occurring in the first place by restricting information access to authorized users.

Information integrity policies are traditionally enforced by access control mechanisms that prevent unauthorized users from modify- ing data. However, access control does not provide end-to-end assurance of integrity. For that reason, integrity guarantees in the form of nonin- terference assertions have been proposed.

8 Ways to Ensure Data Integrity

1. Perform Risk-Based Validation.
2. Select Appropriate System and Service Providers.
3. Audit your Audit Trails.
4. Change Control.
5. Qualify IT & Validate Systems.
6. Plan for Business Continuity.
7. Be Accurate.
8. Archive Regularly.

Data integrity is a fundamental component of information security. In its broadest use, “data integrity” refers to the accuracy and consistency of data stored in a database, data warehouse, data mart or other construct. Data with “integrity” is said to have a complete or whole structure.

Data integrity is important as it guarantees and secures the searchability and traceability of your data to its original source. Data performance and stability also increase when you ensure effective data accuracy and data protection. Without integrity and accuracy, your data is worthless.

Information Integrity (I*I) is dependability and trustworthiness of information and controlling. It is a key factor determining strategic business advantage. Its attributes are accuracy, consistency and reliability of information system .

In computerised systems, failures in data integrity management can arise from poor or complete lack of system controls. Human error or lack of awareness may also cause data integrity issues. Your computer system validation program can and should be leveraged to ensure these controls are in place.

Here are the 12 ways to reduce data integrity risk:

1. Ensure all computer systems are 21 CFR Part 11 compliant.
2. Follow a software development lifecycle.
3. Validate your computer systems.
4. Implement audit trails.
5. Implement error detection software.
6. Secure your records with limited system access.

Some of the most effective ways to reduce data integrity risks include:

1. Promote a Culture of Integrity.
2. Implement Quality Control Measures.
3. Create an Audit Trail.
4. Develop Process Maps for All Critical Data.
5. Eliminate Known Security Vulnerabilities.
6. Follow a Software Development Lifecycle.
7. Validate Your Computer Systems.

Any unintended changes to data as the result of a storage, retrieval or processing operation, including malicious intent, unexpected hardware failure, and human error, is failure of data integrity. If the changes are the result of unauthorized access, it may also be a failure of data security.

There are two types of data integrity: physical integrity and logical integrity….Logical integrity

• Entity integrity.
• Referential integrity.
• Domain integrity.
• User-defined integrity.

1 : firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values : incorruptibility. 2 : an unimpaired condition : soundness. 3 : the quality or state of being complete or undivided : completeness.

Character traits related to integrity

• Gracious. Those with integrity are gracious when others provide assistance.
• Respectful. People with integrity value other people by showing them respect at work.
• Honest. Integrity requires honesty.
• Trustworthy.
• Hardworking.
• Responsible.
• Helpful.
• Patient.