The abaxial surface of a leaf. adjective. 4. The definition of abaxial refers to a position on the opposite side of or away from the axis. An example of abaxial is the lower part of a leaf that faces away from the plant’s stem.

The upper surface of leaf is greener than its lower surface because of the presence of mesophyll cells which contains chlorophyll. Due to more amount of chlorophyll on the upper surface more light energy is trapped hence more amount light of green wavelength is reflected.

The lower part of the leaf has spongy mesophyll cells which are not so tightly packed and have comparetively less chloroplast than palisade cells. Since the upper part of the leaf has cells that have chlorophyll in abundance, the upper part of the leaf appears darker.

Ventral surface of the leaf is the front face of the leaf or the upper surface of the leaf. Since the Side of the leaf facing towards the sunlight, have more chlorophyll content and hence more green colour.

Leaf Structure and Function The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis; it is present on both sides of the leaf and is called the upper and lower epidermis, respectively. Botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side the abaxial surface (or abaxis).

: situated out of or directed away from the axis the abaxial or lower surface of a leaf.

The Adaxial Epidermis generally has a thick cuticle on the upper (adaxial) surface. Stomata may occur on the upper epidermis but these are most frequent on the lower (abaxial) surface. The Abaxial Epidermis usually has a thin cuticle.

Dorsal: Relating to the back or posterior of a structure. As opposed to the ventral, or front, of the structure. Some of the dorsal surfaces of the body are the back, buttocks, calves, and the knuckle side of the hand.

The dorsal (from Latin dorsum ‘back’) surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. The ventral (from Latin venter ‘belly’) surface refers to the front, or lower side, of an organism.

The four main anatomical positions are: supine, prone, right lateral recumbent, and left lateral recumbent.

Anterior (or ventral) Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. Posterior (or dorsal) Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body.

Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) – A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions. Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane) – A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.

Anterior: means towards the front (the eyes are anterior to the brain) – [ventral]. Vs. Posterior: means toward the back (the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity) – [dorsal]. Medial : relates to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves (the nose is medial to the eyes).

Posterior (or dorsal) Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body. The popliteus is posterior to the patella. Superior (or cranial) describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper.

Drink clear liquids and eat bland foods until you feel better. Bland foods include rice, dry toast, and crackers. They also include bananas and applesauce. Eat a low-fat diet until your doctor says your pancreas is healed.

Sometimes it is best to rest the pancreas and limit your food intake. If you are experiencing a flare, your doctor may even recommend no food for a day or two. A diet of clear liquids can be followed when pain is severe. Clear liquids include apple, cranberry, and white grape juice, gelatin, and broth.

High-fat foods, including whole or 2 percent milk (reduced fat), high-fat meats or cheeses, rich desserts. Many fast foods, fried foods and foods with added oil, butter, margarine, sour cream, cream cheese or full-fat salad dressing. Spicy foods, especially those containing garlic, onions or hot peppers.

If your pancreas has been damaged by pancreatitis, a change in your diet will help you feel better. But it might not be enough to restore the function of the pancreas completely. Your doctor may prescribe supplemental or synthetic pancreatic enzymes for you to take with every meal.

Why you must stop drinking alcohol completely if you have pancreatitis. With acute pancreatitis, even if it was not caused by alcohol, you should avoid drinking alcohol completely for at least six months to give the pancreas time to recover.

The decline in exocrine pancreatic function, proved by the significant decrease in plasma levels of α-amylase and lipase in the 8-week high salt fed group, indicates a salt-induced impairment of exocrine pancreatic function. This could be due to fibrotic changes in pancreatic tissue induced by high salt.

Lying flat makes pancreatic pain worse. Sleep propped up on pillows. You may want to experiment with V-shaped pillows or bed wedges. Get on top of the pain when it starts with the medication prescribed by your pain team/Consultant/GP.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. It is painful, develops quickly, and it can, in some cases, be fatal. Some mild cases resolve without treatment, but severe, acute pancreatitis can trigger potentially fatal complications.

Summarizing this topic, chronic stress appears as a risk factor to develop pancreatitis by sensitizing the exocrine pancreas through TNF-α, which seems to exert its detrimental effects through different pathways (Figure ​2).

What is the best medication for pancreatitis?

Acute pancreatitis usually begins with pain in the upper abdomen that may last for a few days. The pain may be severe and may become constant – just in the abdomen – or it may reach to the back and other areas. It may be sudden and intense, or begin as a mild pain that gets worse when food is eaten.

Pain in your upper abdomen or middle part of your back. Nausea and vomiting. Weakness or extreme tiredness. Loss of appetite or feelings of fullness.

Acute pancreatitis usually clears up within one to two weeks. Solid foods are generally avoided for a while in order to reduce the strain on the pancreas. Supportive measures like an infusion (IV drip) to provide fluids and painkillers can help to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.

Patients with severe acute pancreatitis have an average hospital stay of two months, followed by a lengthy recovery period.