Grid references accurately locate places on a map. Every OS map has a grid, which is shown using faint blue lines. The lines across the bottom of the map are called eastings as they travel towards the east. The lines up the side of the map are called northings as they travel towards the north.

radiant; gleaming; bright. resplendent; brilliant: shining talents.

Nonviolence advocates are individuals who actively promote the use of nonviolence in efforts to achieve social or political change. Their advocacy generally takes the form of writing, speaking and/or organizing.

POND

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All meridians meet at the North and South Poles. Longitude is related to latitude, the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator. Lines of latitude are called parallels. Maps are often marked with parallels and meridians, creating a grid.

The largest parallel is at the equator, and the parallels decrease in size towards the poles. Except for positions located right on the equator (0°), parallels of latitude are described by the number of degrees that they are north (N) or south (S) of the equator.

Parallels are so named because they run parallel to each other and remain an equal distance apart across the map. The distance between parallels represents approximately 69 miles.

All three lines of latitude are significant in their relationship between Earth and the sun. Running in the opposite direction, north-south, the prime meridian is one of the most important lines of longitude on Earth.

Jamaica is the third largest island of the Greater Antilles and it is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea. Lying about 90 miles south of Cuba, it is located at an estimated latitude 180 N and longitude 770 W….Physical Description.

1. Prime Meridian = Longitude 0o (Greenwich Meridian). 2. International Date Line (Longitude 180o).

Meridians (lines running from pole to pole) connect points with the same longitude. The prime meridian, which passes near the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, is defined as 0° longitude by convention. Positive longitudes are east of the prime meridian, and negative ones are west.

Important lines of latitude:

• the equator (0°)
• the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° north)
• the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° south)
• the Arctic circle (66.5° north)
• the Antarctic circle (66.5° south)
• the North Pole (90° north)
• the South Pole (90° south)

The International Date Line, established in 1884, passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the Earth. It is located halfway round the world from the prime meridian—the zero degrees longitude established in Greenwich, England, in 1852.

The five major circles of latitude are, starting from the North Pole and finishing at the South Pole; the Arctic Circle, the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator, the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle.

The 90 degree N (North Pole) and the 90 degree S (South Pole) latitudes are actually points, rather than circles.

180 degrees

The locations on the Earth’s surface are determined by two reference lines known as latitude and longitude….What is the difference between Latitude and Longitude?

There are 90 latitudes to the north of equator and 90 latitudes to the south of the equator. Counting the equator there are 90+90+1=181 latitudes.

The horizontal lines are latitude and the vertical lines are longitude.

Tell students that the lines running across the page are lines of latitude, and the lines running up and down the page are lines of longitude. Latitude runs 0–90° north and south. Longitude runs 0–180° east and west.

Latitude is the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator. It is measured with 180 imaginary lines that form circles around the Earth east-west, parallel to the Equator. These lines are known as parallels. A circle of latitude is an imaginary ring linking all points sharing a parallel.

Largest cities straddling the Prime (Greenwich) Meridian

• London, United Kingdom: 8,538,689 (2014)
• Accra, Ghana: 2,291,352 (2013)
• Bordeaux, France: 851,071 (2011)
• Valencia, Spain: 809,267 (2010)
• Zaragoza, Spain: 666,058 (2014)
• Tamale, Ghana: 562,919 (2013)
• Brighton, United Kingdom: 273,400 (2011)

one of Earth’s 24 divisions distinct by one hour, roughly 15 degrees of longitude. area of the Earth west of the prime meridian and east of the International Date Line.

Any circle drawn around the Earth divides it into two equal halves called hemispheres. There are generally considered to be four hemispheres: Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western.

The only continent in all four hemispheres is Africa. What hemispheres do we live in? We live in North America, so we live in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.

A hemisphere is half of a sphere, or ball. People use the word to describe one half of Earth. Geographers, or people who study Earth, have divided the planet into two sets of two hemispheres. These are the Northern and Southern hemispheres and the Eastern and Western hemispheres.

The Southern Hemisphere is the half of the Earth south of the Equator, and it contains at least part of five continents, four oceans, and several islands….List of Countries Located Completely in the Southern Hemisphere.