A pure white surface, approximated on Earth by freshly fallen snow, has an albedo of unity (or 100%), indicating that all the incident radiation is reflected.

Venus is so hot because it is surrounded by a very thick atmosphere which is about 100 times more massive than our atmosphere here on Earth. As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, it heats up the surface of Venus.

Venus is bright (it has a high albedo) because it’s blanketed by highly reflective clouds. The clouds in the atmosphere of Venus contain droplets of sulfuric acid, as well as acidic crystals suspended in a mixture of gases.

A value of 1 means the surface is a “perfect reflector” that reflects all incoming energy. Albedo generally applies to visible light, although it may involve some of the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Albedo, fraction of light that is reflected by a body or surface. It is commonly used in astronomy to describe the reflective properties of planets, satellites, and asteroids. It is an important consideration in climatology since recent albedo decreases in the Arctic have increased heat absorption at the surface.

Snow and ice have the highest albedos of any parts of Earth’s surface: Some parts of Antarctica reflect up to 90% of incoming solar radiation.

Notice how the highest albedo values are in regions where Earth is mostly covered by snow and ice, or clouds, or both. The lowest albedo values occur in forest-covered landscapes or open ocean.

The average albedo of the Earth from the upper atmosphere, its planetary albedo, is 30–35% because of cloud cover, but widely varies locally across the surface because of different geological and environmental features….Terrestrial albedo.

about 0.12

What is most widely accepted today is the giant-impact theory. It proposes that the Moon formed during a collision between the Earth and another small planet, about the size of Mars. The debris from this impact collected in an orbit around Earth to form the Moon.

Methane is abundant on Pluto, however, CH4 rapidly darkens in the Plutonian solar insolation and charged particle environment. Thus, Pluto’s high albedo adds to the case for an atmosphere, and argues for annual volatile transport cycles.

More is due to clouds, but land surfaces with high albedos, like ice sheets and snow fields, also contribute. Albedo. The higher the albedo, the more the surface reflects light. Snow and ice have high albedos; a dark rock would have a lower albedo.

Albedo is the percentage of solar radiation reflected by an object. The term is derived from the Latin albus, white. A pure white object would reflect all radiation that impinges on it and have an albedo of 100%. A pure black object would absorb all radiation and have an albedo of 0%.

about about 0.30

Remember that albedo is calculated by dividing the reflected radiation by the incoming radiation: Albedo = reflected light/incoming light; You can calculate the albedo of any surface.

Human populations have altered land surface albedos and heat budgets most obviously by deforestation and other changes to vegetation cover. Generally, more thickly forested areas have lower albedos, so more shortwave energy falling on them is absorbed and less is reflected immediately back to the atmosphere.