What happens to amphibole when temperatures drop? It becomes Biotite Mica.

Of the common silicate minerals, olivine normally crystallizes first, at between 1200° and 1300°C. As the temperature drops, and assuming that some silica remains in the magma, the olivine crystals react (combine) with some of the silica in the magma (see Box 3.1) to form pyroxene.

Forsterite’s melting temperature is unusually high at atmospheric pressure, almost 1,900 °C (3,450 °F), while fayalite’s is much lower — about 1,200 °C (2,190 °F)….

As a magma begins cooling inside the earth, high-temperature minerals are the first to form crystals. These solid crystals float within the remaining molten rock. This partially crystallized / partially molten magma is then extruded, so that it cools very rapidly.

Different magma types behave differently as lava flows, depending on their temperature, viscosity, and gas content. Pahoehoe Flows – Basaltic lava flows with low viscosity start to cool when exposed to the low temperature of the atmosphere.

Crystallization in the rock cycle refers to the formation of rock crystals in cooling magma.

The composition of the original magma determines how far the reaction process can continue before all of the magma is used up. In other words, it determines which minerals will form.

the formation of magma are temperature, pressure, water content, and mineral content.

1: Olivine, the first mineral to crystallize in a melt. Bowen’s Reaction Series describes the temperature at which minerals crystallize when cooled, or melt when heated.

The three factors that affect whether rock melts include temperature, pressure, and the presence of fluids in the rock. Rock melts when the temperature of the rock increases to above the melting point of minerals in the rock.

Rock composition: Minerals melt at different temperatures, so the temperature must be high enough to melt at least some minerals in the rock. The first mineral to melt from a rock will be quartz (if present) and the last will be olivine (if present).

mercury

The chemical element with the lowest melting point is Helium and the element with the highest melting point is Carbon.

The rock is pulled down by movements in the earth’s crust and gets hotter and hotter as it goes deeper. It takes temperatures between 600 and 1,300 degrees Celsius (1,100 and 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit) to melt a rock, turning it into a substance called magma (molten rock).

Felsic minerals

heat, pressure increases with depth. This pressure can actually squeeze the spaces out of the minerals within the rock. This makes the rocks denser. The heat and pressure together cause the rock to flow instead of break or fracture.

How tightly the mineral structure is packed depends on the temperature and pressure. Time will determine the size the crystals reach. If magma cools to rock slowly, the crystals will be larger. If the magma cools slowly, many tiny crystals will form.

Metamorphism occurs because some minerals are stable only under certain conditions of pressure and temperature. When pressure and temperature change, chemical reactions occur to cause the minerals in the rock to change to an assemblage that is stable at the new pressure and temperature conditions.

When rocks are exposed in high temperature, the rocks will melt and turn into magma. And when magma rises on the surface and comes out during volcanic eruption, new rocks are being formed. New rocks are created as magma rises on the surface of the earth cools down forming igneous rocks.

Foliation occurs when minerals are flattened by heat and pressure. This results in a layered or banded texture.

Temperature increases can be caused by layers of sediments being buried deeper and deeper under the surface of the Earth. The deeper the layers are buried the hotter the temperatures become. The great weight of these layers also causes an increase in pressure, which in turn, causes an increase in temperature.