Acid and bases in water Acids in water solution dissociate H+ ions. Base, when dissolved in water, produces OH– ion. When an acidic solution is diluted with water, the concentration of H+ ions decreases and the pH of the solution increases towards 7.

it will completely dissociate in water. Most of the molecules of a strong acid are broken apart when it is put in water. What happens to most of the molecules of a strong acid when the acid is mixed with water? A solution of a strong acid has more ions in solution and can conduct electricity better than a weak acid.

As acid is added to a solution, the pH decreases. The pH at equivalence depends on the relative strengths of the acid and base in solution.

When the pH of a substance is above 7, it is a basic substance. When the pH of a substance is below 7, it is an acid substance. The further the pH lies above or below 7, the more basic or acid a solution is. When a solution is neutral, the number of hydrogen ions equals the number of hydroxide ions.

Adding water to an acid or base will change its pH. Water is mostly water molecules so adding water to an acid or base reduces the concentration of ions in the solution. When an acidic solution is diluted with water the concentration of H + ions decreases and the pH of the solution increases towards 7.

pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 – 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.

High concentrations of hydrogen ions yield a low pH (acidic substances), whereas low levels of hydrogen ions result in a high pH (basic substances). Therefore, the more hydrogen ions present, the lower the pH; conversely, the fewer hydrogen ions, the higher the pH.

A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. For example, pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than pH 6.

Fluoroantimonic acid

The 4 Most Dangerous Acids in the World

• Aqua Regia. Strong acids typically dissolve metals, but some metals are stable enough to resist the effects of acid.
• Piranha Solution. Piranha solution, or Caro’s acid (H2SO5), is like a voracious chemical version of the carnivorous fish.
• Hydrofluoric Acid.
• Fluoroantimonic Acid.

Hydrofluoric acid (HF)

In the TV show “Breaking Bad”, Walter White frequently gets rid of people who get in his way by submerging them in a plastic container full of hydrofluoric acid. This, at least in the TV show, completely dissolves the body leaving nothing but a red sludge behind at the end.

Substances with pH values less than seven are acids, while numbers higher than seven are alkaline. The higher or lower the number, the more acidic or basic a substance is and the more damage it can cause. Alkali burns are the most dangerous.

hydrochloric acid