After death, the human body undergoes a series of biological changes, collectively referred to as decomposition. These changes stem from two key factors: the cessation of biological functions within the body. the spread and activity of bacteria after death.

Calcium

Element 20 in our International Year of the Periodic Table series with the Royal Society of Chemistry is calcium. Found in the body in our bones and teeth, calcium also pops up in cheese-making and construction work. Bones and teeth are composed of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate.

One of the most misguided cremation myths is that the body is set on fire. The cremation process uses flames to create extreme heat in a specially designed furnace. During the cremation process, the furnace (also called a retort) reaches temperatures around 1800° F.

Livor mortis, when blood settles to the lowest part of the body, begins soon after death, and the blood is “set” within about six hours, says A.J. Scudiere, a forensic scientist and novelist. “During this time, the body won’t really bleed; it might ooze,” she says. Plus, blood clots and thickens after death.

8-10 days after death — the body turns from green to red as the blood decomposes and the organs in the abdomen accumulate gas. Several weeks after death — nails and teeth fall out. 1 month after death — the body starts to liquify.

There are three main stages of dying: the early stage, the middle stage and the last stage. These are marked by various changes in responsiveness and functioning. However, it is important to keep mind that the timing of each stage and the symptoms experienced can vary from person to person.