In contrast, using the wrong indicator for a titration of a weak acid or a weak base can result in relatively large errors, as illustrated in Figure 17.3. 3. In contrast, methyl red begins to change from red to yellow around pH 5, which is near the midpoint of the acetic acid titration, not the equivalence point.

End point of the titration is where we should stop adding titrant. That’s because in almost all titrations change of the observed property of the solution (like pH in the case of acid-base titration, or potential in the case of redox titration) is very fast near the equivalence point.

The end point of a titration is the point at which the indicator changes color. When phenolphthalein is the indicator, the end point will be signified by a faint pink color.

Titration is important in chemistry as it allows for an accurate determination of solution concentrations of the analyte.

Definition of Automated Titration The ideal point for the completion of titration is known as the equivalence point. The end point demonstrates the equivalence point, typically by some form of indicator. For example, with a color indicator, the solution changes color when the titration reaches its end point.

Acid-base indicators are weak organic acids. The most important property of an indicator is its pH range, which is dependent on the indicator’s acid strength. An indicator’s pH range is the range of pH values over which the indicator changes colors from its acid form to its base form.

How much (HNO3) was required to cause the indicator to change color? What can you say about the pH before and after the last drop of HNO3 was added? Add one more drop of HNO3.

Reliable: Consistently measured across time and different data collectors. Useful: Can be used for program improvement and to demonstrate program outcomes. Adequate: Can measure change over time and progress toward performance or outcomes. Understandable: Easy to comprehend and interpret.

Characteristics of a Good Indicator

• Focused on answering a specific evaluation question;
• Correlated to what you want to measure;
• Based on valid scientific research and literature;
• Relevant at various scales (site, feature, landscape);
• Responsive to forest and range practices in a predictable way;

According to this typology, there are four types of indicators: input, output, outcome and impact.

There are three types of economic indicators, depending on their timing: leading, lagging, and coincident indicators.

Natural indicator is a substance which is found naturally and can determine whether the substance is acidic or basic. Some examples of natural indicators are turmeric, grape juice, red cabbage, cherries, onion, beetroot etc.

Type of indicators

• Input indicators. These indicators refer to the resources needed for the implementation of an activity or intervention.
• Process and output indicators. Process indicators refer to indicators to measure whether planned activities took place.
• Outcome indicators.
• Impact indicators.

Indicators of psychological harm

• feelings of worthlessness about life and themselves.
• inability to value others.
• lack of trust in people and expectations.
• lack of interpersonal skills necessary for adequate functioning.
• extreme attention seeking or risk taking behaviour.

the Four types of abuse:

• Physical abuse. sexual child abuse (Rape, molestation, child pornog-
• raphy production and possession) neglect (Physical neglect, educational neglect, and.
• emotional neglect) Emotional abuse (Aka: Verbal, Mental, or Psycholog-

Indicators. An indicator is a sign which points to the fact that abuse might be occurring. It is something that you observe (such as injuries or changes in a child’s behaviour) or hear or are told that indicates the child might be at risk of harm.

other abilities and aptitudes such as: vitality, self-preservation, vigilance, ambition, dynamism, courage, selflessness, righteous attitude, responsibility, perseverance, patience, realism, creativity, force of character, generosity, oratorical ability, curiosity, diligence, trustworthiness, honesty, thrift.

Examples of psychological violence include acts such as isolation from others, verbal aggression, threats, intimidation, control, harassment or stalking, insults, humiliation and defamation.

There are many ways to improve or maintain good emotional health.

1. Be aware of your emotions and reactions.
2. Express your feelings in appropriate ways.
3. Think before you act.
4. Manage stress.
5. Strive for balance.
6. Take care of your physical health.
7. Connect with others.
8. Find purpose and meaning.

Possible indicators of institutional abuse

• Lack of flexibility and choice for adults using the service.
• Inadequate staffing levels.
• People being hungry or dehydrated.
• Poor standards of care.
• Lack of personal clothing and possessions and communal use of personal items.
• Lack of adequate procedures.

Indicators of self-neglect

• Very poor personal hygiene.
• Unkempt appearance.
• Lack of essential food, clothing or shelter.
• Malnutrition and/or dehydration.
• Living in squalid or unsanitary conditions.
• Neglecting household maintenance.
• Hoarding.
• Collecting a large number of animals in inappropriate conditions.

What are the ten different types of abuse?

• Physical abuse.
• Domestic violence or abuse.
• Sexual abuse.
• Psychological or emotional abuse.
• Financial or material abuse.
• Modern slavery.
• Discriminatory abuse.
• Organisational or institutional abuse.

What are the six principles of safeguarding?

• Empowerment. People being supported and encouraged to make their own decisions and informed consent.
• Prevention. It is better to take action before harm occurs.
• Proportionality. The least intrusive response appropriate to the risk presented.
• Protection.
• Partnership.
• Accountability.

All staff have a responsibility to follow the 5 R’s (Recognise, Respond, Report, Record & Refer) whilst engaged on PTP’s business, and must immediately report any concerns about learners welfare to a Designated Officer.

Safeguarding is everyone’s responsibility. Safeguarding refers to measures designed to protect the health, wellbeing and human rights of individuals. These measures allow children, young people and adults at risk to live free from abuse, harm and neglect.

The Safeguarding Lead Worker will work with you and other important people to put together a plan that keeps you safe. This is called a Protection Plan. If the plan involves changes to the support or care you receive, then this plan will be agreed with you. You can say what help or support you need.

It also means that the duty of care extends to the suspicion of abuse taking place, so staff should be trained to identify the signs of physical or verbal mistreatment. Of course, the most serious potential consequence of a failure of safeguarding policies and procedures is the harm that the person at risk comes to.

Everyone who works with children has a responsibility for keeping them safe. They must know how to report concerns about physical, emotional or sexual abuse; neglect; trafficking or exploitation so that those concerns can be addressed quickly and appropriately.

The responsibility for responding to a safeguarding concern lies with the receiving team. The Team Manager of the relevant Team is the designated Safeguarding Adults Manager (SAM) within these Procedures and has overall responsibility for the management of the Adult and their care and support needs.