In paragraphs that contain one overall instance of paraphrased information, “cite the source in the first sentence in which it is relevant and do not repeat the citation in subsequent sentences as long as the source remains clear and unchanged” (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 254).

twice

When two consecutive notes come from the same place, the word ibid. is used for the second note. This saves writing the whole note out again and directs the reader to the same place that was just referred to in order to find the information. Ibid. is an abbreviation of a longer word, so it always has a period after it.

Including just one citation at the end of a paragraph is not sufficient unless the last sentence is the only information in the paragraph that came from the cited source. Cite sources often and correctly throughout a paragraph in order to avoid unintentional plagiarism.

No. The citation should appear only after the final sentence of the paraphrase. If, however, it will be unclear to your reader where your source’s idea begins, include the author of the source in your prose rather than in a parenthetical citation.

However, technically, APA demands that your reader knows exactly what information you got from someone else and when you start using it. Thus, an end-of-paragraph citation does not meet that requirement.

Cite web pages in text as you would any other source, using the author and date if known. Keep in mind that the author may be an organization rather than a person. For sources with no author, use the title in place of an author. For sources with no date use n.d. (for no date) in place of the year: (Smith, n.d.).

A running head, also called a page header, is a line at the top of each page of a document that gives the reader important information. For APA format, the running head includes a shortened version (no more than 50 characters) of the title of the document IN CAPITAL LETTERS, as well as the page number.

General APA Guidelines Include a page header (also known as the “running head”) at the top of every page. For a professional paper, this includes your paper title and the page number.

From the APA Manual, page 229, “The running head should be a maximum of 50 characters, counting letters, punctuation, and spaces between words. It should appear flush left in all uppercase letters at the top of the title page.” On all subsequent pages you should only have the text of the running head.

APA-styled papers end with a concluding paragraph(s) followed by the list of reference entries (APA, 2020). References are a list of all the works cited within the paper. The list derives from the research you have done and may include books, articles, internet resources, etc.

The initial edition went through two revisions: one in 1957, and one in 1967. Subsequent editions were released in 1974, 1983, 1994, 2001, 2009, and 2019. Primarily known for the simplicity of its reference citation style, the Manual also established standards for language use that had far-reaching effects.