So now we can answer your question in the language of the quantum field: the electron gets its charge by the field allowing to create one positive charge state and one negative charge state at the same time, leaving its total charge zero.

Electron

quarks

In time, the electron reacts with the proton via its overlapping portion, collapses to a point in the nucleus, and disappears as it becomes part of the new neutron. Because the atom now has one less proton, electron capture is a type of radioactive decay that turns one element into another element.

Electrons are a type of subatomic particle with a negative charge. Protons are a type of subatomic particle with a positive charge. Protons are bound together in an atom’s nucleus as a result of the strong nuclear force. The positive charge on a proton is equal in magnitude to the negative charge on an electron.

As we know, there is no stable bound state for pp(proton-proton) and nn(neutron-neutron). the negative scattering length for diproton or dineutron shows that the two proton or two neutron do not form a stable bound state.

The free proton (a proton not bound to nucleons or electrons) is a stable particle that has not been observed to break down spontaneously to other particles.

Unlike protons and neutrons, which are located inside the nucleus at the center of the atom, electrons are found outside the nucleus. Because opposite electric charges attract each other, negative electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus.

These properties alone tell us quite a bit about the nucleon-nucleon force. This indicates that the deuteron is rather loosely bound and such a conclusion is supported by the fact that the binding energy is very much less than the normal nuclear average B/A ~ 8 MeV per nucleon.