This is an observation of radiation. The electromagnetic waves move through the air from the high energy hotplate to the lower energy marshmallow, causing it to heat up.

Burnt marshmallow is simply a marshmallow that has been extremely toasted! There are two main processes that heat a marshmallow: absorption of campfire radiation (photons) and contact with very hot air rising off the fire (convection). If we place the marshmallow directly above the fire, we get both.

It is a combnation. However, the dominant mode is convection of heat. It is actually the hot air rising from the camp fire that heats and toasts the marshmallow. Conduction is the transfer of heat between substances that are in direct contact with each other.

We think that’s because some of the water in the marshmallow evaporates when the marshmallow is hot. If you cook your marshmallow for too long, it turns brown or black inside. That happens when the sugar gets so hot that it starts to burn. (See caramelizing sugar.)

140° and 165°C

Choose your roasting sticks.

1. Metal stakes or kebab sticks. These can get too hot to touch, so choose ones that are extra-long or have a wooden handle.
2. Hardwood sticks, sap-free and whittled to a blunt point.
3. Storebought marshmallow roasters.

Is it safe to cook marshmallows with a candle or a lighter? Yes, it is safe to cook marshmallows with a candle or lighter if you use safe candles and lighters.

Not really. Not only will you lighter eventually get really hot, but you also have the residual fuel and other fumes doing a good job of getting absorbed by the marshmallow. Do that with a Zippo™ lighter, even sitting flat on a heat resistant surface, and it will get really hot.

You can just as easily roast marshmallows on a gas fireplace or stove if you do not have the ability in your home to make a wooden fire. Simply turn the gas on to a medium heat level and you will be good to start roasting marshmallows without having to wait.

Can you roast marshmallows over your propane or natural gas fire pit? Of course! Even if you choose an individual burner and start a DIY fire pit project, you can still roast marshmallows over it. While a toasted marshmallow is perfection on its own, eating s’mores around a fire is a great tradition.

Just lay your marshmallow and chocolate on a graham cracker, light your marshmallow with a culinary torch, then blow it out after letting it char a little. Smash it all together with the graham cracker top, and you won’t be able to taste the difference. Best of all, culinary torches aren’t too expensive.

approximately 4 to 4 ½ hours

Propane tanks exploding are a rare but possible occurrence: These explosions are a type of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion, or BLEVE, which occurs when the pressure of the propane tank exceeds the pressure it can safely vent, leading to the tank bursting open.

New cylinders and cylinders that have been opened to the atmosphere must be purged with vapor or evacuated before they are filled with liquid propane. A new cylinder that has not been properly purged cannot be filled to its proper filling level, and propane that is mixed with air has reduced heating value.

Propane tanks do not just explode if they fall over, are hit by the lawnmower or a car.

When storing your propane tanks in the winter, it’s important to know that freezing temperatures aren’t a problem for propane—in fact, you don’t even need to cover your tank when storing it outdoors in the winter. In warm weather your propane tank can still be stored outdoors on a flat, solid surface.

-44 degrees F

Gas bottles in the sun will not explode. LPG gas bottles (propane tanks) are designed to be in the sun or shade, with reflective colours, room for expansion and pressure relief safety valves.

Never leave your propane tank in your vehicle. If your tank is left or stored in your vehicle, heat, sunlight and motion can increase pressure to an unsafe level creating a flammable, explosive environment.

NEVER keep a filled cylinder inside a hot vehicle or transport it inside a closed trunk. ALWAYS place the cylinder in a well- ventilated area of the vehicle. The law places limits on the number of cylinders and the amount of propane that can be transported in closed-bodied vehicles such as passenger cars and vans.

Key Transportation Tips

1. Make sure the tank is turned off.
2. Keep the tank upright and secure.
3. Do not smoke while transporting propane.
4. Never leave propane tanks inside a vehicle.

Propane Tank Transportation-Safety Tips NEVER keep a filled propane cylinder inside a hot vehicle. ALWAYS transport a cylinder in a secure, upright position so it will not fall, shift, or roll when you’re driving. ALWAYS place the cylinder in a well-ventilated area of the vehicle. ALWAYS close the cylinder valve.