According to Coulomb, the electric force for charges at rest has the following properties: Like charges repel each other; unlike charges attract. Thus, two negative charges repel one another, while a positive charge attracts a negative charge.

Electric field lines cannot cross. This is because they are, by definition, a line of constant potential. The equipotential at a given point in space can only have a single value. If lines for two different values of the potential were to cross, then they would no longer represent equipotential lines.

Electric field is defined as the electric force per unit charge. The direction of the field is taken to be the direction of the force it would exert on a positive test charge. The electric field is radially outward from a positive charge and radially in toward a negative point charge.

Applied Force: Force which is applied to an object by another object. A person pushing a barrel is an example of applied force. When the person pushes the barrel then there is an applied force acting upon the barrel.

Direction of electric force The electric force F E F_E FE​F, start subscript, E, end subscript can be either attractive or repulsive. Opposite charges, such as a positive charge and a negative charge, attract each other. Like charges, such as two negative charges or two positive charges, will repel each other.

…free electron in a strong electric-field. When the strength of the field is above about 104 volts per centimetre, an electron can gain enough energy between collisions to cause secondary ionization in the gas. After such an ionizing collision, two free electrons exist in place of the original one.

The SI unit of electric field strength is newtons per coulomb (N/C) or volts per meter (V/m). The force experienced by a very small test charge q placed in a field E in a vacuum is given by E = F/q, where F is the force experienced.

Electric fields We will use the equation: E=kQr2. We need to calculate the electric field a distance from two given charges. We are given the magnitude of the charges and the distances from the charges. We will use the equation: E=kQr2.

The electric dipole moment associated with two equal charges of opposite polarity separated by a distance, d is defined as the vector quantity having a magnitude equal to the product of the charge and the distance between the charges and having a direction from the negative to the positive charge along the line between …