Most materials have Poisson’s ratio values ranging between 0.0 and 0.5. A perfectly incompressible isotropic material deformed elastically at small strains would have a Poisson’s ratio of exactly 0.5. If these auxetic materials are stretched in one direction, they become thicker in the perpendicular direction.

A large shear modulus value indicates a solid is highly rigid. In other words, a large force is required to produce deformation. A small shear modulus value indicates a solid is soft or flexible. Little force is needed to deform it. One definition of a fluid is a substance with a shear modulus of zero.

In the literature the Greek letter ν is commonly used as the symbol for the Poisson’s ratio.

The Young’s modulus (E) is a property of the material that tells us how easily it can stretch and deform and is defined as the ratio of tensile stress (σ) to tensile strain (ε). Where stress is the amount of force applied per unit area (σ = F/A) and strain is extension per unit length (ε = dl/l).

What Is the Open Position Ratio? The open position ratio is calculated as the percentage of open positions held for each of the major currency pairs on a given trading platform or exchange, relative to the total number of positions held for all the major pairs on that platform.

In the English system the bulk modulus may be expressed in units of pounds per square inch (usually abbreviated to psi), and in the metric system, newtons per square metre (N/m2), or pascals. The value of the bulk modulus for steel is about 2.3 × 107 psi, or 1.6 × 1011 pascals, three times the value for glass.

Poisson’s ratio, also called the Poisson coefficient, is the ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain in a stretched bar. Since most common materials become thinner in cross section when stretched, Poisson’s ratio for them is positive.

Poisson Ratio Formula where μ = Poisson’s ratio, εt = transverse strain (m/m, or ft/ft) and εl = longitudinal or axial strain (again m/m or ft/ft). Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are among the most important quantities in the area of stress and strain engineering.

The formula for bulk modulus is bulk modulus = – ( pressure applied / fractional change in volume). Bulk modulus is related to elastic modulus. Okay let’s stalk about bulk modulus, bulk modulus is another type of modulus that we measure for solid materials but we’ll also measure this one for liquids and gases.

Bulk Modulus is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to compression. It is defined as the ratio of pressure stress to volumetric strain. The value of bulk modulus equals the pressure change x 100 required to cause a one percent change in volume.

Uses. Bulk modulus is used to measure how incompressible a solid is. Besides, the more the value of K for a material, the higher is its nature to be incompressible. For example, the value of K for steel is 1.6×1011 N/m2 and the value of K for glass is 4×1010N/m2.

The bulk modulus is a constant the describes how resistant a substance is to compression. The units for the bulk modulus are Pascals (Pa) or newtons per square meter (N/m2) in the metric system, or pounds per square inch (PSI) in the English system.

Ratio of stress to change in volume of a material subjected to axial loading. Related to Modulus of Elasticity (E) and Poisson’s Ratio (r) by the following equation: Bulk Modulus K=E/3(1-2r).