The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Those genes that code for proteins are composed of tri-nucleotide units called codons, each coding for a single amino acid. …

Instead of just the canonical base pairs “G-C“ or guanine–cytosine, and “A-T” or adenine–thymine, the Scripps Research scientists’ DNA has a third pairing: “3FB-3FB” between two unnatural bases called 3-fluorobenzene (or 3FB).

The bases are the “letters” that spell out the genetic code. In DNA, the code letters are A, T, G, and C, which stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively. In base pairing, adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.

Some noncoding DNA regions, called introns, are located within protein-coding genes but are removed before a protein is made. Regulatory elements, such as enhancers, can be located in introns.

Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which “reads” the sequence of mRNA nucleotides. Each sequence of three nucleotides, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid.

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The amino acid arginine has 6 mRNA codons : CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA and AGG.

Glycine (symbol Gly or G; /ˈɡlaɪsiːn/) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable), with the chemical formula NH2‐CH2‐COOH. Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids.

Glycine is used for treating schizophrenia, stroke, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and some rare inherited metabolic disorders. It is also used to protect kidneys from the harmful side effects of certain drugs used after organ transplantation as well as the liver from harmful effects of alcohol.

Amino acids are organic compounds which contain both an amino group and a carboxyl group. They are distinguished by the attached functional group R. The simplest of the amino acids, glycine, has just a hydrogen atom in the position of the R-group.

The simplest of the amino acids, glycine, has just H as an R-group. Amino acids are the structural elements from which proteins are built. When amino acids bond to each other, it is done in the form of an amide , making a connection which is called a peptide linkage.

Amino acid poperties

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Glycine is the simplest amino acid and most commonly found in animal proteins.

Glycine has a sweet taste, and is manufactured commercially as a sweetener and included in products such as cosmetics and antacids. Its name comes from the Greek word, glykys, which means “sweet.”

Role in structure: Glycine is a very unique amino acid in that in contains a hydrogen as its side chain (rather than a carbon as is the case in all other amino acids). What this means is that glycine can reside in parts of protein structures that are forbidden to all other amino acids (e.g. tight turns in structures).

Glycine is also found in high-protein foods such as:

• Meat.
• Fish.
• Dairy products.
• Legumes.