Cavendish concluded that dephlogisticated air was dephlogisticated water and that hydrogen was either pure phlogiston or phlogisticated water. He reported these findings to Joseph Priestley, an English clergyman and scientist, no later than March 1783, but did not publish them until the following year.

Margaret Lucas Cavendish was a philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction-writer, and playwright who lived in the Seventeenth Century. Her work is important for a number of reasons. One is that it lays out an early and very compelling version of the naturalism that is found in current-day philosophy and science.

Hydrogen

The first person credited with “weighing” the Earth was Henry Cavendish (1731-1810.) In 1798 Cavendish measured the force between attracting lead spheres with a torsion balance. He knew the masses of the spheres and how far apart they were. He carefully measured the force between them, which allowed him to calculate G.

The gas formed in the experiment could catch fire easily. So, he named the gas inflammable air.

Zinc, iron, and tin dissolved in dilute vitriolic acid or spirit of salt all produced inflammable air, which Cavendish collected over water in a receiver, suspended by string.

Above are Cavendish’s apparatuses for hydrogen gas preparation and weight measurement described in his paper On Factitious Airs published in 1766. Cavendish found that when metals such as zinc and iron were mixed with hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid, a flammable gas was released.

In SI units, its value is approximately 6.674×10−11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2. The modern notation of Newton’s law involving G was introduced in the 1890s by C. V.

particle physics G is called the constant of gravitation and is equal to 6.67 × 10−11 newton-metre2-kilogram−2.

G stands for Newton’s universal gravitational constant, whereas g stands for the acceleration due to gravity at a certain point. g = 9.8 m.s -2, g is acceleration due to gravity which is a variable quantity and a vector qualtity.

In SI units, G has the value 6.67 × 10-11 Newtons kg-2 m2. The acceleration g=F/m1 due to gravity on the Earth can be calculated by substituting the mass and radii of the Earth into the above equation and hence g= 9.81 m s-2. …

G is called universal constant becuase its value remains the same throughout the universe and is independent of masses of the objects. Answer: Capital G will be constant become the value of the G will be constant anywhere in the Universe.

G is called Universal Gravitation Constant because its value i.e. 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2 is constant thought the universe.

It is shown that reduction of the gravitational mass of the system due to emitting gravitational waves leads to a repulsive gravitational force that diminishes with time but never disappears. This repulsive force may be related to the observed expansion of the Universe.

Actually, gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces. Ordered from strongest to weakest, the forces are 1) the strong nuclear force, 2) the electromagnetic force, 3) the weak nuclear force, and 4) gravity. Because they both have mass, the two protons exert gravitational attraction on each other.

We all know that all the forces in nature exist in opposites, but gravitational force is the obly force which always attracts every object and never reples any.

In the case of gravity, mediated by spin 2 particles, charge is mass, which is always positive. Thus, q1q2 is always greater than zero, and gravity is always attractive. For spin 0 force mediators, however, there is no restriction on the charges and you can very well have repulsive forces.

force of gravity

2. Why is gravity so weird? No force is more familiar than gravity — it’s what keeps our feet on the ground, after all. And Einstein’s theory of general relativity gives a mathematical formulation for gravity, describing it as a “warping” of space.

Concept Connections: The Four Basic Forces

If the particles are both positively or negatively charged, the force is repulsive; if they are of opposite charge, it is attractive. This called Coulomb’s law and was the first attempt to understand the electric force. Like the gravitational force, the Coulomb force is an inverse square law.

There are four fundamental forces at work in the universe: the strong force, the weak force, the electromagnetic force, and the gravitational force. They work over different ranges and have different strengths. Gravity is the weakest but it has an infinite range.

Fundamental force, also called fundamental interaction, in physics, any of the four basic forces—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, and weak—that govern how objects or particles interact and how certain particles decay.