Neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) provide the main input to the pontine and midbrain pulse–step generators. Microstimulation of these neurons produces saccades in head-restrained animals, and coordinated head and eye movements in head-unrestrained animals.

Saccadic suppression is largely a consequence of visual masking: the clear, bright, long-duration fixations that precede and follow each saccade mask the perception of the low-contrast blur that is on the retina in much the same way that a bright flash of light would mask the perception of any low-contrast, brief- …

A prevailing hypothesis to explain saccadic suppression suggests that by making vision temporarily less sharp for the rapid eye movement, the nervous system discards visual information about movement and helps us to perceive the world as stable.

Saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements are two different modes of oculomotor control. Saccades are primarily directed toward stationary targets whereas smooth pursuit is elicited to track moving targets.

The amplitude of a saccade is the angular distance the eye travels during the movement. Saccades may rotate the eyes in any direction to relocate gaze direction (the direction of sight that corresponds to the fovea), but normally saccades do not rotate the eyes torsionally.

Saccadic eye movements reflect the moment-to-moment positioning of the fovea, and hence the current input to the visual system. As a result, the location and duration of fixations have become important measures of visual attention in experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience.

Saccades are rapid eye movements designed to shift the fovea to objects of visual interest. Abnormalities of saccades offer important clues in the diagnosis of a number of movement disorders.

Oculomotor Dysfunction (OMD) is also known as Ocular Motility Dysfunction and is characterized by a deficiency in one or more of the following visual skills: Fixation: the ability to “hold” the eyes steady without moving off the target.

Saccades direct the fovea onto an object or region of interest which enables subsequent high-acuity detailed visual analysis at that location. In normal viewing, several saccades are made each second and their destinations are selected by cognitive brain process without any awareness being involved.

Saccades are rapid, ballistic movements of the eyes that abruptly change the point of fixation. They range in amplitude from the small movements made while reading, for example, to the much larger movements made while gazing around a room.

parietal lobe

Nystagmus is most commonly caused by a neurological problem that is present at birth or develops in early childhood. Acquired nystagmus, which occurs later in life, can be the symptom of another condition or disease, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis or trauma.

Congenital or inherited nystagmus is not typically associated with serious medical conditions. However, acquired nystagmus may be a sign of a serious medical condition, including severe head trauma, toxicity, stroke, inflammatory diseases, or other conditions that affect the brain.

Dancing Eye Syndrome (DES; also known as Ospoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome, OMS) is a rare condition characterised by unusual eye movements, which are almost always present, along with unsteadiness, jerky movements of the trunk and limbs, irritability and sleep disturbance.

Saccadic intrusions are irregular episodic occurrences of a series of two or more fast eye movements. They are classified according to whether or not the intrusive saccades are separated by a brief interval in which the eyes are stationary.

The velocity of saccades changes according to how fast or slow you read. Saccades are important because they allow the eyes to move without turning the head. They’re not noticeable when you are reading.

Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) are tracking eye movements used to stabilize the image of a moving object of interest on the fovea.

Our peripheral vision has very poor acuity, and is only good for picking up movements and contrasts. Thus, when we move our eyes to focus on a specific region of an image or object, we are essentially placing the foveal region of the eye on top of the area that is currently within the main focus of the lens in our eye.

Problem statement: it’s easy to move your eyes smoothly when you are tracking a moving object. This is called smooth pursuit. However, triggering smooth pursuit without a moving object is notoriously hard. They are not controlled by the same circuitry as smooth pursuit, but still.

The other way that your eyes move smoothly is the vestibulo-ocular reflex. If you look forward and turn your head to the side, your eyes will automatically move smoothly in the opposite direction to keep your vision stable.

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES: There are six muscles that attach to the eye to move it. These muscles originate in the eye socket (orbit) and work to move the eye up, down, side to side, and rotate the eye. The superior rectus is an extraocular muscle that attaches to the top of the eye. It moves the eye upward.

The cornea is the clear surface covering the front of the eye. It is normally smooth and round, following the contour of the eyeball. Weakness in the structure of the cornea can lead to pressure in the eyeball, causing an conical-shaped abnormal bulge to the front of the eye in a condition called keratoconus.

Moving one eye at a time may give the illusion of superhuman control, but with a little time and effort, pretty much anyone can learn this skill. Warm up your face muscles so you have the best shot of executing this maneuver. In particular, crossing your eyes is important for pulling off this trick.

If you’ve ever seen a chameleon, maybe you’ve noticed that their eyes go in all sorts of different directions! A chameleon’s eyes have the ability to move independently of one another, allowing them to have a 360 degree field of vision.

What is strabismus? Strabismus is a condition in which your eyes point in different directions. Usually one eye is pointed straight ahead and the other is pointed in a different direction.

Exophoria is a condition of the eyes. When you have exophoria, there’s a problem with how your eyes coordinate their movements. It occurs when your eyes tend to drift outward or one eye drifts away from the other.

Most people automatically use the term Lazy Eye when an eye crosses or turns outward. As stated above, an eye that moves on its own is a sign of Amblyopia or Lazy Eye, but Strabismus is the condition that one or both eyes turns inwards (esotropia) or out (exotropia).

How is lazy eye treated?

1. Glasses/contact lenses. If you have amblyopia because you’re nearsighted or farsighted, or have astigmatism in one eye, corrective glasses or contact lenses may be prescribed.
2. Eye patch. Wearing an eye patch over your dominant eye can help strengthen your weaker eye.
3. Eye drops.
4. Surgery.

Sensory exotropia may occur at any age. If the visual problem is treatable, it should be addressed as soon as possible. In cases of permanent vision loss, surgery to straighten the eye is often an option.