The law implies that mass can neither be created nor destroyed, although it may be rearranged in space, or the entities associated with it may be changed in form. For example, in chemical reactions, the mass of the chemical components before the reaction is equal to the mass of the components after the reaction.

The Law of Conservation of Mass

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. In a physical change, substances can change form, but the total mass remains the same.

Matter makes up all visible objects in the universe, and it can be neither created nor destroyed.

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed. This is the law of conservation of matter (mass). The amount of water (matter) stayed the same, but the volume just changed a bit. We are really using the Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy.

The mass of matter is always the same before and after the changes occur. The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Antimatter is the opposite of normal matter. More specifically, the sub-atomic particles of antimatter have properties opposite those of normal matter. Antimatter was created along with matter after the Big Bang, but antimatter is rare in today’s universe, and scientists aren’t sure why.

When antimatter and regular matter touch together, they destroy each other and release lots of energy in the form of radiation (usually gamma rays). If it’s a small amount, it’s totally safe. If it’s a large amount, the gamma radiation would be enough to kill you or cause serious harm.

How much antimatter would our villain need to annihilate with “normal” matter in order to release the amounts of energy required for the destruction of Earth? Lots! Approximately 2.5 trillion tons of antimatter.

An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. Annihilation requires and converts exactly equal masses of antimatter and matter by the collision which releases the entire mass-energy of both, which for 1 gram is ~9×1013 joules.

PHYSICISTS have made a key measurement of anti-atoms, and found that they look just like atoms. Antimatter particles are the same as matter particles, but have the opposite electrical charge. …

Antimatter may exist in relatively large amounts in far-away galaxies due to cosmic inflation in the primordial time of the universe.

“When matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate each other and the mass is converted into energy–specifically, into gamma-rays. Therefore, astronomers conclude that there are not occasional ‘rogue’ galaxies made of antimatter.

Humans have created only a tiny amount of antimatter. A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb. Making 1 gram of antimatter would require approximately 25 million billion kilowatt-hours of energy and cost over a million billion dollars.

Dark matter, according to mathematical models, makes up three-quarters of all the matter in the universe. But it’s never been seen or fully explained. Now, an international team of scientists says it has found new evidence that perhaps dark matter doesn’t really exist after all.

Without dark matter, galaxies would lose a large fraction of the gas that forms new stars immediate after the first major star-forming event they experienced.

Neutrinos are a form of dark matter, because they have mass, and weakly interact with light. But neutrinos have such a small mass and high energy that they move through the universe at nearly the speed of light. For this reason, they are known as hot dark matter.

Scientists have not yet observed dark matter directly. It doesn’t interact with baryonic matter and it’s completely invisible to light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, making dark matter impossible to detect with current instruments.

In space or on the Moon there is no atmosphere to scatter light. The light from the sun travels a straight line without scattering and all the colors stay together. Looking toward the sun we thus see a brilliant white light while looking away we would see only the darkness of empty space.

Dark matter is dark: It emits no light and cannot be seen directly, so it cannot be stars or planets. Dark matter is not clouds of normal matter: Normal matter particles are called baryons.

Space is not empty. A point in outer space is filled with gas, dust, a wind of charged particles from the stars, light from stars, cosmic rays, radiation left over from the Big Bang, gravity, electric and magnetic fields, and neutrinos from nuclear reactions.

The technology required to travel between galaxies is far beyond humanity’s present capabilities, and currently only the subject of speculation, hypothesis, and science fiction. However, theoretically speaking, there is nothing to conclusively indicate that intergalactic travel is impossible.

Wormholes are tunnels between two black holes that connect distant regions of space-time, and normally it would be impossible to pass something through them, but factoring in an extra dimension might make it possible. …